Design and control of a PV active generator with integrated energy storages : application to the aggregation of producers and consumers In an urban micro smart grid-THESE Présentée en vue d’obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR en Spécialité : Génie Electrique par Di LU DOCTORAT DELIVRE PAR L’ECOLE CENTRALE DE LILLE

General Introduction
Targets for future sustainable electrical networks The electricity is suffering from a constraint irrefutable: At any moment, electrical systems must ensure a balance between production and consumption, while maintaining a satisfactory voltage. Historically, grid reliability was mainly assured by having excess capacity in the system with unidirectional flow to dispersed consumers from centrally dispatched large power plants. To combat climate change and increase the EU’s energy security while strengthening its competitiveness, the EU Heads of State and Government have set a series of demanding climate and energy targets to be met by 2020, known as the "20-20-20" targets: • A reduction in EU greenhouse gas emissions of at least 20% below 1990 levels, • A 20% reduction in primary energy use compared with projected levels, to be achieved by improving energy efficiency, • 20% of EU energy consumption coming from renewable resources. Current limitation of the PV resource Today, renewable energies are considered as a potential solution for greenhouse gases emissions reduction and energy safety. Fueled by economic, environmental and social drivers, the penetration of photovoltaic generators rises in distribution networks. Thanks to its operation without noise and gas emission, it can be easily installed outdoor and on roofs. But the development of grid-connected PV generation is limited by the intermittent power generation and time-lag between the PV electrical production and the real consumption. A massive deployment of PV systems complicate the balancing between production and consumption, that may cause blackouts if it is disturbed A new concept: the PV based active generator Because of the intermittency of PV power generation, PV panels can not be used as a stable, reliable and controllable power source and can not provide ancillary services like conventional generators. The topic of this thesis is the transformation of a PV generator into an active generator by using an embedded energy storage system and a local energy management system for the coordination of inner sources. Long-term energy storage batteries are used to shave the midday PV power peak and provide a complementary power supply during the night. Fast dynamic ultracapacitors storage can smooth the generated PV power, compensate the power gap and absorb the instantaneous high power peaks. Local controller for a dispatched management Three sources with different characteristics must be coordinated inside the PV active
generator. So for ensuring an optimal operation, a local energy management system of the PV
based active generator has to be developed to enable:
• the management of the renewable energy intermittency and resources,
• the quality of power supply,
• the energy level management,
• the power system protection,
• the provision of grid ancillary services.
This PV based active generator is then an additional controllable dispersed generation,
which have to be dispatched. In the context of a large scale development of PV based active
generators, the operation mode of the electric network will have to be changed.

 LINK
https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00586393/file/Lu_Di_DLE.pdf

A Study on the Design and Operation of ESS for Home Application in Solar Power System by Park Kyung Rag -Dept. of Electrical Engineering The Graduate School Changwon National University, Chang-won, Korea

PV시스템 연계 가정용 ESS의 설계 및 운용에 관한 연구 =  A Study on the Design and Operation of ESS for Home Application in Solar Power System by Park Kyung Rag under the supervision of Prof. Ho-Gyun Ahn, Ph. D. Dept. of Electrical Engineering The Graduate School Changwon National University, Chang-won, Korea
Abstract
 In this paper, by applying the ESS in PV power generation system, it was applied to the design and operation method of the independent power generation system for home application. Recently, the application of ESS using renewable energy is in the limelight. It is possible to complement the unstable power, because it enables stable power spread with independent power generating system. In this paper, DC/DC converter is stabilized of the PV power and perform charging, discharging of the battery. DC/AC inverter is to check the status of power load and describes a supplies electric power. Moreover, by applying six operational modes, at home it is possible to use sufficient power during power failure, the remaining reserve power was studied algorithms that can be sent to the grid. In this paper, verified to 95.7% of the charge-discharge efficiency and 95.7% of the overall efficiency of the system by applying a battery of 4kwh to the system.
LINK
https://www.mediafire.com/file/2y0cjof00x5gsh7/A_Study_on_the_Design_and_Operation_of_ESS_for_Home_Application_in_Solar_Power_System.pdf/file

Compact High-Current Inductors Based on Coupled Tape-Wound Cores By Christian P. Dick and Patrick Deck, TH Köln - Cologne University of Applied Sciences

LINK ORIGINAL:
https://www.bodospower.com/default.aspx

Energy Engineering- Konkuk University -Prof.Kim Ki Sun-KOREA OPEN COURSEWARE

Energy Engineering- Konkuk University Prof. Kim Ki-Sun In this class, we are going to deal with details of various energy-related technologies including solar cells, fuel cells, secondary batteries, and other technologies. Through this class, students will be able to see how these technologies are used to generate useful energies. The ultimate goal is to let students have a growing interest in learning technologies.

High Temperature Superconducting Partial Core Transformers Andrew Lapthorn Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

High Temperature Superconducting (HTS)Partial Core Transformers
Andrew Lapthorn
A thesis presented for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Electrical and Computer Engineering at the University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand

 ABSTRACT
 The thesis begins by providing an introduction to transformer theory. An ideal transformer is examined first, followed by full core transformer theory. The partial core transformer is then introduced and compared to the full core design. An introduction to superconductors is then presented where a simplified theory of superconductivity is given. High temperature superconductors are then examined including their physical structure, superconducting properties and the design of the superconducting wire. The early development of high temperature superconducting partial core transformers at the University of Canterbury is then examined. Early partial core development is discussed followed by some material testing at cryogenic temperatures. This work lead into the development of the first high temperature superconducting partial core transformer. This transformer failed during testing and an examination of the failure mechanisms is presented. The results of the failure investigation prompted an alternative winding insulation design which was implemented in a full core superconducting transformer. The modelling used to design a high temperature superconducting partial core transformer is then presented. Based upon the reverse design method, the modelling is used to determine the components of the Steinmetz equivalent transformer circuit. The modelling includes a combination of circuit theory and finite element analysis. An ac loss model for high temperature superconductors is also presented. A new 15 kVA, 230-230 V high temperature superconducting partial core transformer was designed, built and tested. The windings are layer wound with first generation Bi2223 high temperature superconductor. The modelling was used to predict the performance of the transformer as well as the ac losses of the high temperature superconductor. A series of electrical tests were performed on the transformer including open circuit, short circuit, resistive load, overload, ac withstand voltage and fault ride through tests. The test results are compared with the model. The transformer was found to be 98.2 % efficient at rated power with 2.86 % voltage regulation.

LINK: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/35468185.pdf