Расчет трансформатора -Transformer power calculation

 In this article I will try to tell you how to calculate a transformer for a welding machine.

EMC Aspects of PWM Controlled Loads in Vehicles Sabine Marksell-Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Lund University-Licentiate Thesis

EMC Aspects of PWM Controlled Loads in Vehicles Sabine Marksell-Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Lund University-Licentiate Thesis

Abstract The number of electrically driven loads in a modern vehicle is constantly increasing. Many loads that former were mechanically driven will in the future be driven by electricity. This implies that a number of electronic systems have to be packed together in the limited space in a vehicle. When different electronic systems are placed close to each other, there is always a risk for electromagnetic interference between the different systems causing malfunction or even failure. It is important to ensure that this does not happen, and this concept is called electromagnetic compatibility, EMC. EMC implies that different electrical systems should be able to work in close proximity without affecting each other. From the EMC point of view, integration of electric traction drives in present vehicles represents a considerable challenge. In order to save energy, many electrical loads can be controlled on demand. A common and energy efficient way to do this is to use a method called pulse width modulation, PWM, where the load voltage is pulsed in order to create the desired average output voltage. When this method is employed, the voltage pulses are present on the conductors between the power electronic converter and the load. Since the space in a vehicle is limited, it is often not possible to place the power electronic converter close to the load. Consequently, long conductors are often required between the power electronic converter and the load. The steep edges of the voltage pulses and the fundamental of the square wave, called the switching frequency, together with the long conductors cause electromagnetic interference problems. These disturbances could interfere with, for example, the radio in the vehicle. In this thesis, different electromagnetic compatibility aspects of a pulse width modulated system are investigated. Some solutions are proposed in order to mitigate the disturbances. The solutions involve increasing the rise and fall times of the voltage pulses and employing a randomly varying switching frequency. Also the effects from different conductor layouts, such as using the vehicle body sheet metal as a current return path or having the lead-in and return conductor close to each other, are investigated. In order to evaluate the results from the different setups, the voltage across the load and the radiated magnetic field are measured. The experimental results in this thesis show that a conductor should be used for current return and that this conductor should be placed as close to the lead-in conductor as possible in order to suppress electromagnetic noise. It is also shown that a randomly varying switching frequency will give a more broadband noise in the switching frequency range. Increasing the resistance of the gate resistor mitigates the disturbance in the higher frequency areas at the expense of increased switching losses.

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https://www.iea.lth.se/publications/Theses/LTH-IEA-1041.pdf

Electromagnetic compatibility of voltage source inverters for uninterruptible power supply system depending on the pulse-width modulation scheme-Krzysztof Bernacki, Zbigniew Rymarski ✉ Institute of Electronics, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science of the Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

 IET Power Electronics Research Article Electromagnetic compatibility of voltage source inverters for uninterruptible power supply system depending on the pulse-width modulation scheme ISSN 1755-4535 Received on 22nd August 2014 Accepted on 6th January 2015 doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0637 www.ietdl.org Krzysztof Bernacki, Zbigniew Rymarski ✉ Institute of Electronics, Faculty of Automatic Control and Computer Science of the Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland ✉ E-mail: zbigniew.rymarski@polsl.pl 

Abstract: The pulse-width modulation (PWM) scheme is an algorithm for inverter switch control. A two-leg bridge and three-level PWM are typical solutions in voltage source inverters in uninterruptible power supply systems. The three PWM schemes that are used in inverters are compared herein. Each scheme has different features, including the level of noise generated and interference in the different frequency ranges. The aim of this study is to analyse the characteristics and electromagnetic interference that is generated by an inverter using different PWM schemes. 

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https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-pel.2014.0637

Design and Implementation of Hybrid Active Power Filter (Hapf) for UPS System Mahendar Kumar1*, Zubair .A Memon1, M .Aslam Uqaili1-1Institute of Information & Communication Technologies (IICT) Mehran University of Engineering & Technology (MUET), Jamshoro Sindh, 76090, PAKISTAN

Design and Implementation of Hybrid Active Power Filter (Hapf) for UPS System Mahendar Kumar*, Zubair .A Memon, M .Aslam Uqaili 

Abstract: 

Hybrid Active Power Filter (HAPF) is designed and applied for Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) System to mitigate harmonic currents in UPS during the power conversion from rectifiers to inverters (AC-DC-AC Converters). Various UPS types and topologies are used for continuous power supply without delay and protection to connected loads. In spite of the fact that UPS is one of the power quality apparatus but it has also drawback of disturbing the power system quality of system by current harmonics and voltage distortion during conversion of power. Passive and EMI Filters could not eliminate harmonics effectively from UPS system therefore it requires modern, rapid filtering method as well combination of Active and Passive Filters. Proposed model of HAPF for UPS System could mitigate current harmonics for optimal power transfer and minimize losses, increase overall efficiency, reliability and life span of equipment. Higher harmonic current and higher voltage distortion leads to greater power loss. In this paper the (d-q) theorem is applied for the identification of harmonic currents. The d-q theorem and calculation creates the signal of reference compensation current and this produced signal of current is tracked by the yield current of the voltage source converter.. Hysteresis based controller for HAPF is applied to create the switching signals to regulate and maintain the voltage source converter output currents. Harmonics and efficiencies are analyzed at different loads and on charging and discharging of batteries of various UPS System in different industries and sectors on the basis of experimental investigation then HAPF is designed and implemented. In simulation results, it is observed that THD reduced from 46 to 10%, the harmonic currents were compensated and eliminated effectively which improved power quality of UPS System. Furthermore, addition of proposed HAPF could save the power up to 15 % which lost due to poor power quality of UPS System.

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https://publisher.uthm.edu.my/ojs/index.php/ijie/article/download/6727/3715/

Pulse Circuits by V.T. Frolkin; L.N. Popov

 

Pulse Circuits by V.T. Frolkin; L.N. Popov 

 This book explains the analysis and operation of all the most frequently used pulse circuits. It covers solid-state circuits, including their IC forms. The text contains a large number of problems and review questions that will help the reader to get better insight into the subject-matter. The authors start with pulse waveforms, move through RS-networks, to diode and transistor switching, logic gates, various forms of multivibrators, and flipflops as building blocks for the more complex networks. The material also covers sawtooth voltage and current generators, relaxation oscillators, and their applications.

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https://archive.org/details/v.-t.-frolkin-l.-n.-popov-pulse-circuits-mir-1982

IET Renewable Power Generation Research - Optimal sizing of a wind/solar/battery hybrid grid-connected microgrid system-José Luis Monroy-Morales, Rafael Peña-Alzola2,Rafael Sebastián-Fernández, David Campos-Gaona,Jerónimo Quesada Castellano, José L. Guardado

 Frequency control in an isolated wind-diesel hybrid system with energy storage and an irrigation water supply system José Luis Monroy-Morales1 Rafael Peña-Alzola2 Rafael Sebastián-Fernández3 David Campos-Gaona2 Jerónimo Quesada Castellano4 José L. Guardado 1Electrical Engineering, TecNM/Instituto Tecnológico de Morelia, Morelia, Mexico 2Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK 3Department of Electrical, Electronic and Control Engineering, UNED, Madrid, Spain 4Electronic Technology, University of the Basque Country, Vitoria, Spain

 Abstract 

Wind-Diesel Hybrid Systems (WDHSs) integrate wind turbines into diesel power systems, reducing costs and emissions in isolated grids. Due to the no-load consumption of the Diesel Generators (DGs), fuel savings are only possible when the DGs are shut down. This requires a proper implementation of the frequency control to avoid perturbations because of the wind speed variations. During wind-only (WO) operation, the Synchronous Machine (SM) generates the isolated grid voltage and the frequency controller varies the energy stored/supplied by an Energy Storage System and consumed by the controllable loads to balance the power. In this paper, a Battery-based Energy Storage System (BESS) uses Li-Ion batteries with a Dual Active Bridge (DAB) and a grid-tie inverter connected to the isolated network. The controllable load is an Irrigation Water Supply System (IWSS), consisting of a pump supplying water to a reservoir tank. The pump is driven by a variable speed drive that uses a Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor (PMSM). The coordinated control of BESS and IWSS gives full priority to the BESS for harnessing the wind potential whereas the IWSS consumes the excess of wind power. The full Wind Diesel Power System (WDPS) is modelled and simulated to validate the proposed system for different case scenarios.

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https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/rpg2.12950

Optimal sizing of a wind/solar/battery hybridgrid-connected microgrid system-BY-Umer Akram, Muhammad Khalid, Saifullah Shafiq, Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia

 IET Renewable Power GenerationResearch ArticleOptimal sizing of a wind/solar/battery hybridgrid-connected microgrid system Umer Akram1 , Muhammad Khalid1, Saifullah Shafiq1 1Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM), Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia E-mail: g201512930@kfupm.edu.sa

 Abstract: Higher cost and stochastic nature of intermittent renewable energy (RE) resources complicate their planning,integration and operation of electric power system. Therefore, it is critical to determine the appropriate sizes of RE sources andassociated energy storage for efficient, economic and reliable operation of electric power system. In this study, two constraint-based iterative search algorithms are proposed for optimal sizing of the wind turbine (WT), solar photovoltaic (PV) and thebattery energy storage system (BESS) in the grid-connected configuration of a microgrid. The first algorithm, named as sourcessizing algorithm, determines the optimal sizes of RE sources while the second algorithm, called as battery sizing algorithm,determines the optimal capacity of BESS. These algorithms are mainly based upon two key essentials, i.e. maximum reliabilityand minimum cost. The proposed methodology aims to avoid over- and under-sizing by searching every possible solution in thegiven search space. Moreover, it considers the forced outage rates of PV, WT and utilisation factor of BESS which makes itmore realistic. Simulation results depict the effectiveness of the proposed approach.

VIEW FULL TEXT:https://ietresearch.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1049/iet-rpg.2017.0010

A Unified Control and Power Management Scheme for PV-Battery-Based Hybrid Microgrids for Both Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes Zhehan Yi, Student Member, IEEE, Wanxin Dong, and Amir H. Etemadi, Member, IEEE

 A Unified Control and Power Management Scheme for PV-Battery-Based Hybrid Microgrids for Both Grid-Connected and Islanded Modes 

Zhehan Yi, Student Member, IEEE, Wanxin Dong, and Amir H. Etemadi, Member, IEEE 

 Abstract 

 Battery storage is usually employed in Photovoltaic (PV) system to mitigate the power fluctuations due to the characteristics of PV panels and solar irradiance. Control schemes for PV-battery systems must be able to stabilize the bus voltages as well as to control the power flows flexibly. This paper proposes a comprehensive control and power management system (CAPMS) for PV-battery-based hybrid microgrids with both AC and DC buses, for both grid-connected and islanded modes. The proposed CAPMS is successful in regulating the DC and AC bus voltages and frequency stably, controlling the voltage and power of each unit flexibly, and balancing the power flows in the systems automatically under different operating circumstances, regardless of disturbances from switching operating modes, fluctuations of irradiance and temperature, and change of loads. Both simulation and experimental case studies are carried out to verify the performance of the proposed method.

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/316655655_A_Unified_Control_and_Power_Management_Scheme_for_PV-Battery-Based_Hybrid_Microgrids_for_Both_Grid-Connected_and_Islanded_Modes

Smart inverters for seamless voltage and frequency dynamics in microgrids by Mohsen Shid Pilehvar-DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Mike Wiegers Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering --KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 2021-

 

Smart inverters for seamless voltage and frequency dynamics in microgrids by Mohsen Shid Pilehvar

 AN ABSTRACT OF A DISSERTATION submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Mike Wiegers 

Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering Carl R. Ice College of Engineering 

KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY 

Manhattan, Kansas 2021 

 Abstract 

This dissertation focuses on improving the dynamic behavior of microgrids during the abnormal conditions. For this purpose, novel approaches are presented to turn the conventional inverters implemented in distributed generation (DG) units into smart inverters capable of dealing with disturbances. In the context of microgrids, the smartness of an inverter is tied to its ability to cope with abnormalities such as sudden load changes, loss of generation, and transitions between different modes of operation. Founded on these principles, this dissertation advances the state-of-the-art in enhancing the dynamic response of microgrids. To this end, firstly, a new approach of forming smart loads in a fleet of nanogrids, which is also referred as a grid of nanogrids (GNG), is presented in this dissertation. The proposed smart load configuration is obtained via series connection of electric dampers (EDs) with critical loads to cope with disturbances at the point of critical loads. A systematic approach is presented for modeling of the proposed smart loads considering the switching states of EDs. The stability of the smart loads is then studied using the developed state-space model. Secondly, the conventional controllers of battery energy storage system (BESS) and photovoltaic (PV) units are modified in this dissertation in order to enable them to participate in dynamic-response enhancement of islanded mixed-inertia microgrids. For this purpose, two piecewise linear-elliptic (PLE) droops are proposed and employed in BESS to improve the voltage and frequency profiles during abnormalities. Besides, the controllers of PV units are equipped with an adaptive piecewise droop (APD) to cope with disturbances. Lastly, an approach is presented in this dissertation for seamless interconnection of three singlephase feeders at distribution level for residential communities that are suffering from power imbalance within the phases during islanded mode. To attain this, a seamless transition algorithm is presented which monitors the system condition in real time and sends appropriate commands to the static transfer switches (STSs) and modified controllers of single-phase inverters. Using the proposed method for interconnecting the isolated single-phase feeders results in forming a unified single-phase residential microgrid and maintaining the power balance and voltage level within all three phases. Moreover, the proposed approach enables the residential community to seamlessly reconnect to the main grid after resolving the abnormal condition on the grid side. In this dissertation, numerous case studies are carried out in PSCAD/EMTDC environment to validate the viability of proposed approaches in improving the dynamic behavior of microgrids.

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https://www.researchgate.net/publication/355709899_PDF_file

Comparison Between Different Droop Based Control Techniques and a Virtual Control Oscillator Carlos G. C. Branco1,*, Jordi El Mariachet Carreno1, Mingshen Li1, Francisco Kleber de A. Lima2, José Matas1, Josep M. Guerrero3

 Comparison Between Different Droop Based Control Techniques and a Virtual Control Oscillator Carlos G. C. Branco1,*, Jordi El Mariachet Carreno1, Mingshen Li1, Francisco Kleber de A. Lima2, José Matas1, Josep M. Guerrero Abstract: This work presents a literature review about control techniques for parallel connected power inverters under microgrid applications. Some control strategies, based on droop control for parallel inverters of distributed generation units in an ac distribution system will be presented in this work. Finally, an important method called Virtual Oscillating Control (VOC) is suggested for connecting voltage source inverters. Inverters are able to work in parallel with a constant-voltage constant frequency system, as well as with other inverters and also in standalone operation. The different power sources can share the load also under unbalanced conditions. Throughout this work several simulation results are presented in order to demonstrate the behaviour.

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https://upcommons.upc.edu/bitstream/handle/2117/387291/331.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y

Compensation of Voltage Sags and Swells Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Bi-Directional H-Bridge AC/AC Converter Yu-KChen , Xian-Zhi Qiu , Yung-Chun Wu , and Chau-Chung Song Citation: Chen, Y.-K.; Qiu, X.-Z.; Wu, Y.-C.; Song, C.-C. Compensation of Voltage Sags and Swells Using Dynamic Voltage Restorer Based on Bi-Directional H-Bridge AC/AC Converter. Academic Editors: Chang-Hua Lin and Jahangir Hossain Received: Published: 30 August 2021 Department of Aeronautical Engineering, National Formosa University, Hu-Wei 632, Taiwan

 

Abstract: In this paper, the compensation of voltage sags and swells using a dynamic voltage restorer (DVR) based on a bi-directional AC/AC converter is presented for stabilizing single-phase AC line voltage. The H-bridge AC/AC converter with bi-directional switches and without bulk capacitor is adopted as the power topology of the proposed system. The proposed novel topology of DVR is adopted to compensate both voltage sag and swell conditions. Additionally, the power factor is closed to unity because a bulk capacitor is not required. The inner and outer loop control is proposed to improve the response with gain scaling; gain control is adopted to reduce the overshoot. Finally, a 2 kVA prototype has been implemented to verify the performance and accuracy of the control method for the DVR system. The peak efficiency of the system is up to 94%, and it can compensate 50% voltage swells and 25% voltage sags.

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A Study of Control Technique in Stationary Reference Frame for Improving the Disturbance Rejection Performance in Parallel Operation of Multi-Modular UPS--Hyo-Jun Ryu-- Department of Automotive Engineering (Automotive-Computer Convergence) Graduate School of Hanyang University

 A Study of Control Technique in Stationary Reference Frame for Improving the Disturbance Rejection Performance in Parallel Operation of Multi-Modular UPS--Hyo-Jun Ryu-- Department of Automotive Engineering (Automotive-Computer Convergence) Graduate School of Hanyang University

ABSTRACT

 This paper proposes a control technique for improving the disturbance rejection performance of a voltage controller during the parallel operation of multi modular UPS. In a single operation of the modular UPS, it is possible to improve disturbance rejection performance by conducting the feed-forward compensation for the load current, which is the disturbance of the voltage controller. However, a circulating current may occur when the modular UPS operates in parallel with the feed-forward control compensates for the load current. As a result, load sharing between UPS modules becomes uneven, and in severe cases, the parallel operation may not be possible. In this paper, the circulating current impedance model according to the load current feed-forward compensation gain explains the circulating current occurrence during the modular UPS parallel operation. In addition, a control technique, which is the feed-forward compensation for a portion of the load current considering a decrease of circulating current impedance, is proposed. However, the load current feed-forward compensation technique that considers circulating current impedance deteriorates disturbance rejection performance compared to a single operation of modular UPS, which is possible to apply for the load current feedforward compensation regardless of circulating current impedance. Therefore, this paper proposes another feed-forward compensation technique with a 2-DOF voltage controller structure to improve the reduced disturbance rejection performance. This technique ensures the cascade control performance of the structure of the voltagecurrent controller by maintaining the voltage controller's reference tracking performance and improving the disturbance rejection performance of the voltage controller. The effectiveness of the proposed feed-forward compensation technique is demonstrated by experimental results obtained through the operation of the fourparallel connected the 500 W modular double conversion UPS.

Battery Management System—Balancing Modularization Based on a Single Switched Capacitor and Bi-Directional DC/DC Converter with the Auxiliary Battery---Mohamed DAOWD-

Battery Management System—Balancing Modularization Based on a Single Switched Capacitor and Bi-Directional DC/DC Converter with the Auxiliary Battery Mohamed Daowd *, Mailier Antoine, Noshin Omar, Philippe Lataire, Peter Van Den Bossche and Joeri Van Mierlo Department of Electrical Engineering and Energy Technology 

 Abstract:

 Lithium-based batteries are considered as the most advanced batteries technology, which can be designed for high energy or high power storage systems. However, the battery cells are never fully identical due to the fabrication process, surrounding environment factors and differences between the cells tend to grow if no measures are taken. In order to have a high performance battery system, the battery cells should be continuously balanced for maintain the variation between the cells as small as possible. Without an appropriate balancing system, the individual cell voltages will differ over time and battery system capacity will decrease quickly. These issues will limit the electric range of the electric vehicle (EV) and some cells will undergo higher stress, whereby the cycle life of these cells will be shorter. Quite a lot of cell balancing/equalization topologies have been previously proposed. These balancing topologies can be categorized into passive and active balancing. Active topologies are categorized according to the active element used for storing the energy such as capacitor and/or inductive component as well as controlling switches or converters. This paper proposes an intelligent battery management system (BMS) including a battery pack charging and discharging control with a battery pack thermal management system. The BMS user input/output interfacing. The battery balancing system is based on battery pack modularization architecture. The proposed modularized balancing system has different equalization systems that operate inside and outside the modules. Innovative single switched capacitor (SSC) control strategy is proposed to balance between the battery cells in the module (inside module balancing, IMB). Novel utilization of isolated bidirectional DC/DC converter (IBC) is proposed to balance between the modules with the aid of the EV auxiliary battery (AB). Finally an experimental step-up has been implemented for the validation of the proposed balancing system.

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https://www.academia.edu/23460584/Battery_Management_System_Balancing_Modularization_Based_on_a_Single_Switched_Capacitor_and_Bi_Directional_DC_DC_Converter_with_the_Auxiliary_Battery

Design and Analysis of Maintenance Free Lead Acid Battery System Used in UPS-Pratik Roy University of Windsor

  Design and Analysis of Maintenance Free Lead Acid Battery System Used in UPS Pratik Roy, Student Member, IEEE, Varun Kumar Vats, Student Member, IEEE and Pronay Kumar Chakrobarty, Student Member, IEEE 

 Abstract—Voltage interruption can be happened by several reasons like blackout, brownout, noise, spike etc. Those incidents have consequential effect on computer’s hardware such as data losses, burning of sensitive equipment etc. So, UPS broadly called an uninterruptible power supply device is used in computer to provide a backup power source which will maintain the consistency in voltage and flow of electricity which in turn will provide consistent power input. Batteries are used as energy storage device in UPS which store electric energy during charging state and discharge that electric energy during any kind of interruption to provide backup as additional power source for the computer. So, the most important integral part of UPS is the battery pack which is used as energy storage device in UPS. Main goal of this paper is to design the suitable battery pack for UPS so that it can give maximum backup range to the computer within a certain economical range or cost limit. Also, another goal is to analyze the electrical and thermal parameters of the designed battery pack and cell and suggest better solutions to make the wet battery cell maintenance free (no need of addition of water).

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 https://www.academia.edu/37317680/Design_and_Analysis_of_Maintenance_Free_Lead_Acid_Battery_System_Used_in_UPS

A High Gain Single Switch DC-DC Converter with Double Voltage Booster Switched Inductors Nagaraju Addagatla, Rajender Boini-Advances in Science and Technology Research Journal 2023, 17(2), 1–11

 A High Gain Single Switch DC-DC Converter with Double Voltage Booster Switched InductorsNagaraju Addagatla1, Rajender Boini1*1 Department of EEE, Chaitanya (Deemed to be University) Warangal, Telangana, India* Corresponding author’s email:nagaraju.addagatla@gmail.com 

 ABSTRACT

The research for novel power conversion topologies and the development of cutting-edge power component tech-nologies are driven by the demand for renewable and much more efficient electricity generation, delivery, and con-version. Simulation and analysis high voltage gain DC-DC converter with double voltage booster switched induc-tor are analyzed in this paper. Multilevel boost converter topologies recently reintroduced, are gaining popularity as a solution for industrial and transportation power systems because they enable the use of innovative, efficient, but relatively low voltage low-voltage devices at greater voltage and power levels. there is only one power switch on the converter that is planned here, three diodes, two capacitors, and two inductors to achieve ultra-high gain with better efficiency. High voltage gain, minimal switch stress, and the ability to lessen input-current ripple and capacitor voltage ripple are all benefits of the topology. When it switches complementary, the capacitors’ ripple is reduced, which lowers the size requirement for the capacitors. A 12V, 500 watts prototype was analyzed, simulated and designed. at a duty cycle of 0.75 it is achieved high DC-DC gain i.e 19 and efficiency 93%. The practicality of the converter will be demonstrated by the close agreement between the analysis and simulation findings. 

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http://www.astrj.com/pdf-161447-89064filename=A%20High%20Gain%20Single%20Switch.pdf

PONENCIA INTERNACIONAL UPS:SISTEMA DE ENERGIA ININTERRUMPIDA(NOBREAK) -ESCUELA PROFESIONAL INGENIERIA ELECTRICA-UNIVERSIDAD SAN ANTONIO ABAD DEL CUZCO-PERU

 APOYO  ECCOPOWER SISTEMAS ENERGIA -LACERDA SISTEMAS ENERGIA-BRASIL

El capítulo estudiantil de la Sociedad de Energía y Potencia IEEE UNSAAC, los invita a participar de la ponencia a cargo del Ing. Armando W. Cavero Miranda con el fin de ampliar la perspectiva profesional y laboral de los estudiantes de la Escuela Profesional. 📆Fecha: Jueves 21 de Marzo 🕔Hora: 10:00 (GMT-5) Modalidad: Presencial 📍Lugar: Salón de grados de Ingeniería Electrónica

7º Congresso Brasileiro de Eletrônica de Potência - COBEP2003

 Sempre apoiando  a PESQUISA E DESENVOLVIMENTO no BRASIL durante toda minha vida me dediquei a minha paixão a Eletrônica de Potência ,hoje temos muitos Doutores e Mestres em todas as universidades e setores da industria nacional,no novo escenario mundial e muito importante o conhecimento sempre de novas tecnologias.

MOURA uma empresa que enorgulhece o Brasil, com 66 anos de historia lider do setor de baterias AUTOMOTIVAS,INDUSTRIAIS,ESTACIONARIAS,SOLAR

 

https://picasion.com/
Tive a satisfação de visitar a Empresa Moura genuinamente Brasileira junto com meus colegas peruanos Sr. Rodolfo Araujo Diretor da empresa peruana INTERSAC junto com seu filho Edson Araujo e o Sr. Cesar Quintero Gerente de Moura na Colombia,devo expresar meu agradecimento especial a Srta.Debora Daiana Silva Gerente Comercial LATAM | Gestão de Contas | Abertura de Mercado | Expansão de Negócios | Planejamento Estratégico | Liderança e Formação de Equipes,realmente o que mais me impresionou foi sua organização,seu Instituto de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento,seu proceso de produção e Controle de Qualidade,devo resaltar seu Programa Social com Instituto Moura de Formação Tecnica de jovem talentos de jovens da comunidade da Cidade Bela Jardim,tem cursos de Robótica,Matemáticas,Ciências de \Computação e aulas de musica,e um Cinema,todos estes serviços são totalmente gratuitos, alem de isso continuan expandiendo seus investimentos no desenvolvimento de novas aplicações no setor de energia como os automoveis elétricos,desejo que o sucesso continue.

Muito Obrigado Moura.

리튬 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 위험성에 관한 연구 A Study on the Explosion and Fire Risk of the Lithium Battery-Author Sang-Bo Sim- Hoseo University

리튬 배터리의 화재 및 폭발 위험성에 관한 연구 A Study on the Explosion and Fire Risk of the Lithium Battery-Author Sang-Bo Sim- Hoseo University

ABSTRACT 

Due to recent development of IT technology, information level of Korea is said to be the world-best. Thus mobile devices such as cell phones, notebook, and tablet PC that could be used without limitations are trending. Along the trend, high energy high density secondary batteries used as the power source for portable devices are also in the spotlight, and among them Lithium battery demand is rising. Generally a Lithium battery should be certified with KS C 8541 (Lithium secondary battery rule) in order to be on the market. However, battery accidents are growing in number and people are raising questions about the safety of the batteries. Certified Lithium battery’s safety is guaranteed within normal state, but at abnormal states such as damage to protective circuit, the danger rises due to elimination of minimum protection. Recent studies regarding Lithium batteries only measured ignition status for flammable gas, but did not provide detailed analysis. Also, risk analysis according to battery capacity and comparative analysis between the two representative batteries, Lithium Polymer battery and Lithium Ion battery are rarely carried out. Also, research about general danger of Lithium batteries such as ignition at high temperature environment is incomplete. This study selected five types of Li-Polymer batteries and three types of Li-Ion batteries of different capacity in order to analyze ignition and fire danger according to usage environment. The results are as following. 1. We designed an ignition circuit using IEC type spark ignition test apparatus based on KS C IEC 60079-11 standard in order to measure the explosion hazard of Lithium battery spark discharge. Through measuring the ignition limit of methane, propane, ethylene, and helium, the result showed that gas with higher danger showed more explosion to less number of battery connection. Also, batteries with not Protection Circuit Module (PCM) exploded more often during connection with battery compared with batteries that had protection circuits. 2. An experiment was conduction using a pyrostat based on UL 1642 and KS C 8541 standard in order to measure Lithium battery’s explosion danger at high temperature environment. As the result, Li-Polymer batter with pack type external material had higher risk of explosion compared to cap type Li-Ion battery. Li-Polymer battery had 160~170℃ explosion between 1970~2700 seconds, and the explosion occurred for the electrolytes seeped out from the cracked battery pack after swelling due to evaporation. On the other hand, Li-Ion battery had 176~197℃ explosion between 3000~3800 seconds caused by vaporized electrolyte increasing the pressure within the battery and protruding to the vulnerable positive (+) end. 3. Short circuit was designed in order to measure the temperature increase according to the short circuit current. For batteries with protection circuit, there was no temperature change caused by short circuit current due to current limitation. However, for batteries with no protection circuit, 30.7~35.6A of maximum short circuit current was produced. For Li-Polymer battery, the current fell until 3.9~12.7A after the maximum short circuit current, but increased again to 5.5~17.8A, showing two-step curve pattern. The maximum temperature was 125℃. For Li-Ion battery, the maximum short circuit current fell steeply to 1.3A and decreased steadily, showing a single step curve pattern. It is because the PTC thermistor embed inside limited the flowing current. The maximum temperature was 95℃. Thus in order to minimize the danger of Lithium battery explosion, the Lithium battery connection number and discharge characteristics should be considered when used at environment with flammable gas. And swelling and explosive characteristics should be considered when using Li-Polymer and Li-Ion batteries at high temperature environment. Also, to prevent hazards caused by mistakes and abnormal statues, a dual safety device of protection circuits are recommended.

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Задачник по физике. Чертов А.Г., Воробьев А.А. -Problem in physics. Chertov A.G., Vorobiev A.A. -

 

-Problem in physics. Chertov A.G., Vorobiev A.A. 

 The problem book was compiled in accordance with the current syllabus for the physics course for college students. Each section includes a sufficient number of tasks, the difficulty of which increases with increasing serial number. At the beginning of each paragraph, basic laws and formulas are given, and examples of solving typical problems are given. At the end of the book, answers to all problems are given. The 7th edition (6th - 1997) includes more than 150 new problems and examples, the theoretical part of each section has been significantly expanded, and the necessary corrections have been made. For students of higher technical educational institutions.

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https://drive.google.com/file/d/1lbWLmycZjLjj9uSJmuXtZUTgIho3hCJK/view?usp=sharing

Collected Papers Of P. L. Kapitza -PRIMER VOLUME-TOMO i

 

Collected Papers of P. L. Kapitza, Volume I 

Compiles the scientific papers written between 1916 and 1934 by Piotr Leonidovich Kapitza, a leading Soviet physicist and Nobel laureate. This book begins by introducing the life and career of P. L. Kapitza, which includes his studies and investigations of nuclear physics, strong magnetic fields, liquefaction, liquid helium, and high-power electronics. Other topics discussed include electron inertia in molecular ampere currents; Koch recording microphotometer; metallic conductivity and its change in a magnetic field; and methods of experimenting in strong magnetic fields. The liquefaction of helium by an adiabatic method; Zeeman and Paschen-Back effects in strong magnetic fields; and theoretical and empirical expressions for the heat transfer are also emphasized in this text. This compilation is a good reference for students and researchers conducting work on the biography and scientific contributions of P. L. Kapitza. 

 Volume 1 here:

https://archive.org/details/collected-papers-of-p.-l.-kapitza-volume-1

ДОВУДОВ Сарфароз Умедович ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ АВТОМАТИЗИРОВАННЫХ ЭЛЕКТРОПРИВОДОВ НА ОСНОВЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ЧАСТОТНО-ИМПУЛЬСНОЙ МОДУЛЯЦИ------DOVUDOV Sarfaroz Umedovich AUMENTANDO A EFICIÊNCIA ENERGÉTICA ACIONAMENTOS ELÉTRICOS AUTOMATIZADOS BASEADOS EM USANDO MODULAÇÃO DE FREQUÊNCIA DE PULSO

INTRODUÇÃO 

Relevância do tema de pesquisa da dissertação. Acionamentos elétricos automatizados (DEA) de corrente contínua e alternada constituem uma parte importante dos equipamentos industriais modernos para sistemas de produção e transporte [1-3]. Ao mesmo tempo, a qualidade do controle e o desempenho energético dos acionamentos elétricos dependem significativamente dos algoritmos de controle utilizados. Atualmente, o método de controle mais popular para DEAs de corrente contínua e alternada pode ser considerado um método de controle usando modulação por largura de pulso (PWM), que pode fornecer os parâmetros necessários para controlar a velocidade angular de motores elétricos [3-5]. Tais tipos de PWM provaram-se tecnicamente bem, como modulação única, PWM senoidal, PWM com introdução de um terceiro harmônico, etc. [4-34]. Uma contribuição significativa para o desenvolvimento da teoria dos sistemas de controle pulsado para motores elétricos de corrente contínua e alternada foi feita pelos trabalhos científicos de G.A. Belova, O.G. Bulatova, A.I. Tsarenko, B.Yu. Vasilyeva, B.I. Firago, K, Hasse, F. Blaschke, SR. Bowes, D. Holliday, S. Grewal e outros pesquisadores. Os fundamentos metodológicos da pesquisa na área de controle de motores elétricos são estabelecidos nos trabalhos de A.G. Ivanova, A.S. Sandler, R.T. Schreiner, S.G. Alemão-Galkin, Yu.A. Sabinina, M.P. Kostenko, I. Takahashi, T. Noguchi e outros cientistas [3, 7, 10, 14]. No entanto, o método de controle PWM apresenta uma série de desvantagens em relação à sua eficiência energética: perdas dinâmicas significativas de potência causadas pelos processos de ligar e desligar as chaves semicondutoras do conversor de potência controlado e a eficiência relativamente baixa do conversor PWM - gerenciamento. Aumentando a eficiência energética de conversores semicondutores pulsados ​​de potência (PSCs) para sistemas elétricos automatizados 7 A movimentação de complexos de produção industrial pode ser facilitada pelo uso de modulação de frequência de pulso (PFM) [22, 24, 27, 35, 36]. No entanto, deve-se notar que este método de controle como parte de um DEA ainda não foi totalmente estudado. Este trabalho se dedica a melhorar a eficiência do DEA de complexos produtivos industriais baseados no uso de PFM. O objetivo do estudo é utilizar modulação em frequência de pulso da tensão de alimentação para aumentar a eficiência energética de acionamentos elétricos automatizados com conversores semicondutores pulsados.

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 https://research.sfu-kras.ru/sites/research.sfu-kras.ru/files/Dissertaciya_Dovudov_SU.pdf

SISTEMA ININTERRUPTO DE ENERGIA DE DUPLA CONVERSÃO COM INTEGRAÇÃO DO RETIFICADOR E DO INVERSOR Fabíola Maria Alexandre Linard-Dissertação submetida à Universidade Federal do Ceará como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica

 SISTEMA ININTERRUPTO DE ENERGIA DE DUPLA CONVERSÃO COM INTEGRAÇÃO DO RETIFICADOR E DO INVERSOR 

Fabíola Maria Alexandre Linard-Dissertação submetida à Universidade Federal do Ceará como parte dos requisitos para obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica.

 UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO CEARÁ

 CENTRO DE TECNOLOGIA PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA ELÉTRICA

Linard, F. M. A. “SISTEMA ININTERRUPTO DE ENERGIA DE DUPLA CONVERSÃO COM INTEGRAÇÃO DO RETIFICADOR E INVERSOR”, Universidade Federal do Ceará – UFC, 2009, 93p. 

Esta dissertação apresenta o estudo, o projeto, a simulação, a execução e os resultados experimentais de uma UPS de dupla conversão de potência igual a 3 kVA, tensão de entrada 220 V e tensão de saída 110 V, com integração entre o retificador e o inversor. O sistema é composto por um retificador e um inversor que utiliza a estratégia unipolar para modulação dos interruptores. As principais características deste projeto são: diminuição dos números dos componentes; diminuição das perdas por condução e comutação nos semicondures durante a operação do sistema e ponto comum entre a alimentação e o estágio de saída, o que facilita o uso desta topologia com bypass. A metodologia de projeto e os resultados experimentais de um protótipo foram apresentados para validar a análise teórica e para confirmar o desempenho do sistema. 

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Cadence OrCAD PSpice V16.3 초중급교재- author-Hyung Won Jung-Monte-Carlo/Worst-Case 해석

 

Programa de Estágio da Lacerda Sistemas de Energia- Apoio a Inovação e Tecnologia em Eletrônica de Potência

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Recentemente, o Programa de Estágios Lacerda, através do nosso talentoso colaborador Guilherme Almeida, foi destaque no Jornal Nacional. Em entrevista, Guilherme compartilhou como o estágio na Lacerda foi uma peça fundamental em sua jornada acadêmica e profissional. Hoje, graças ao seu desempenho e comprometimento, ele faz parte de nossa equipe como colaborador efetivo, contribuindo ainda mais para o sucesso e crescimento contínuo da empresa.

Com a volta às aulas, queremos ressaltar a relevância do estágio na formação educacional e acadêmica. O Programa de Estágio da Lacerda Sistemas de Energia proporciona uma oportunidade única para os estudantes aplicarem seus conhecimentos teóricos em um ambiente prático e desafiador.

Não perca a chance de fazer parte da nossa equipe! Visite nosso site:

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Research on the simulation of a new compensation strategy for dynamic voltage correction device Xuewei Zhang1,2*, Xiaojuan Sun1 , Tianfeng Wang3 -1 School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, 710021, China

Research on the simulation of a new compensation strategy for dynamic voltage correction device

 Xuewei Zhang1,2*, Xiaojuan Sun1, Tianfeng Wang3 1School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, 710021, China 2School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Xi’an Technological University, Xi’an, 710021, China 3Xi'an Kaitian electrical reliability laboratory Co., Ltd, Xi’an, 710077, China *Corresponding author’s e-mail: xueweizhang163@163.com

 Abstract.

 A new detection and compensation method for voltage sag is proposed. Dynamic voltage correction device(DVCD) is the most effective device to solve voltage sag. Based on the shortcomings of the traditional compensation strategy, the compensation characteristics of the compensation strategy are analyzed systematically. This paper proposes a new compensation method based on the traditional minimum energy compensation method, which uses different minimum energy methods for different sags, namely zero active power exchange and minimum energy exchange. Through Simulink to establish the simulation model of minimum energy method, and make simulation analysis. The simulation results show that the method can achieve the minimum output active power while ensuring the compensation effect, which proves the feasibility and effectiveness of the method. This method can make full use of energy storage of equipment and has high economic benefits.

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https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1742-6596/1635/1/012110/pdf

12th Brazilian Power Electronics Conference (COBEP2013) of the Brazilian Power Electronics Society (SOBRAEP).