IP 65, IP66, IP67… O que significa? International Protection, Proteção Internacional

Usuários de equipamentos industriais constantemente se deparam com um IP seguido de dois dígitos e, muitas vezes, não sabem o que significam ou qual a diferença entre um e outro.
O código ou classificação IP (IP pode significar Ingress Protection, Proteção contra Ingresso, ou International Protection, Proteção Internacional) foi criado pela Comissão Internacional de Eletrotécnica – IEC – para determinar critérios de ingresso de materiais sólidos e líquidos em equipamentos elétricos protegidos mecanicamente por algum tipo de carcaça, conforme norma 60529. Cada número representa a resistência a uma condição padrão: o primeiro dígito representa a ingresso de elementos sólidos – inclusive partes do corpo, como dedos – e o segundo dígito representa a entrada de elementos líquidos. Quanto maior o número, maior sua a resistência ao ingresso de corpos estranhos.
Letras adicionais podem ser inseridas para determinar outras condições sob as quais o equipamento foi submetido.
Veja a tabela a abaixo para maiores detalhes:
Sólidos, primeiro dígito

 

PREMIO QUALIDADE MARCAS DE PRODUTOS ELETRICOS 2014 BRASIL

PREMIO QUALIDADE 2014
A PESQUISA APONTA AS MARCAS DE MATERIAIS ELETRICOS QUE CONQUISTARAM IMAGEM DE QUALIDADE
JUNTO AOS PROFESSIONAIS DE ELETRICIDADE E SEU DESEMPENHO AO LONGO DOS ANOS.  
SOURCE: REVISTA ELETRICIDADE MODERNA ARANDA EDITORA
ANO 42  - N° 478 JANEIRO 2014
LINK
http://www.arandanet.com.br/midiaonline/eletricidade_moderna/2014/janeiro/index.html 

Evaluation of a Low-Cost Permanent Emergency Lighting System Based on High-Efficiency LEDs

Manuel Rico-Secades, Member, IEEE, Antonio J. Calleja, Member, IEEE, Javier Ribas, Member, IEEE, Emilio L. Corominas, Member, IEEE, J. Marcos Alonso, Senior Member, IEEE, Jesús Cardesín, Member, IEEE, and Jorge García-García, Student Member, IEEE
Abstract
Nowadays, Permanent Emergency Lighting Systems (PELSs) are widely used in many applications, including emergency exit indication and lighting in critical or strategic points. Limitation in operation hours in classical lamps (10 000–20 000 h for fluorescent lamps) implies short lamp replacement times and, therefore, high maintenance costs. This paper shows an alternative solution based on high-efficiency LEDs. The long operation life (above 100 000 h) of high-efficiency LEDs with a very simple electronics circuitry implies an interesting solution for these types of applications. A 30-lm and 1-h PELS has been built and tested. A low-cost power supply has been built and used as a battery charger and LED driver.
LINK
https://www.mediafire.com/?x0oi808j3o4odv3

A Three-in-One Converter for Regular and Emergency Lighting Applications Yung-Chun Wu and Yu-Kai Chen,

 

A Three-in-One Converter for Regular and Emergency Lighting Applications Yung-Chun Wu and Yu-Kai Chen,
Abstract—This paper presents a three-in-one converter for regular and emergency lighting applications. The converter can function as regular ballast, emergency ballast, and battery charger/discharger, achieving regular and emergency lighting features. The three-in-one converter used in the ballast is an integration of a bidirectional flyback converter and two half-bridge series-resonant parallel-loaded inverters. The derivation and operating principle of the proposed converter are first presented, and an application to regular and emergency lighting is then developed. With the proposed converter and a single-chip microcontroller EM78P458, a low cost multifeature electronic ballast can be readily implemented and installed. Hardware measurements have verified its feasibility and the desired features.
LINK
https://www.mediafire.com/?4l8c0t2tx45c03q

Fundamentals of Electric Circuits Alexander Sadiku

NAVEGANDO EN LA INTERNET ENCONTRE ESTE BUEN LIBRO DE FUNDAMENTO DE CIRCUITOS ELECTRICOS DE ALEXANDER SADIKU SIN DUDA SERA LA ALEGRIA DE LOS ESTUDIANTES DE INGENIERIA ELECTRICA E INGENIERIA ELECTRONICA.

Power Electronics and Drives GATE NoteBook

Power Electronics and Drives GATE NoteBook
 It contains Mainly the flowing topics in the view of GATE Exam.1. Thyristors
2. Rectifiers
3. Choppers
4. Inverters
5. AC Voltage Controllers
6. Cycloconverters
7. Electrical Drives
8. Diode Circuits and Rectifiers
ORIGINAL WEBSITE
http://4eeestudents.blogspot.com.br/2013/02/power-electronics-and-drives-gate-note.html
DOWNLOAD
http://www.mediafire.com/view/?qrjm002lelyf024

INTRODUCTORY CIRCUIT ANALYSIS BOYLESTAD

ORIGINAL WEBSITE
http://bangla-uponnas.blogspot.com.br/search/label/ENGINEERING
LINK
http://www.mediafire.com/?2z2coxnbye57f3b

FUNDAMENTOS DE LA TECNOLOGIA DE CONVERSION Popkov OZ

Los principios de la conversión de energía eléctrica - la rectificación ,los inversores, la conversión de frecuencia.
LINK 
http://www.mediafire.com/view/af1e51hdz0ym21l/FUNDAMENTOS_TECNOLOGIA_CONVERSION.pdf 

FUNDAMENTALS OF POWER ELECTRONICS G. S. ZINOVIEV NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

 General information
 Place of work:
 Industry Research Laboratory energooptimizatsii transducer systems supervisor
 Department of Electronics and Electrical Engineering, Professor
NOVOSIBIRSK STATE TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY
Professor
Gennadiy Stepanovich Zinoviev
Author's website: http://ciu.nstu.ru/kaf/283  Disciplines:
 2014
 Introduction to Industrial and power electronics
 Research Practice
 Research work in the semester
 Fundamentals of Power Electronics
 Educational Practices
 Electromagnetic compatibility of power electronics devices

Zinoviev Gennadiy Stepanovich, who was born in Novosibirsk.  After high school he entered the NSTU (NETI) specialty Promelectronica and graduated with honors and a degree in electrical engineering.  In 1963-1966 years.  graduate student of industrial electronics NSTU, Ph.D. (1967), Senior Lecturer, Associate Professor (1968), Ph.D. (1988) in the present - Professor (since 1989) of the department NSTU industrial electronics, scientific adviser NEIL "Energooptimizatsii converting systems."  'm Courses "Fundamentals of Power Electronics", "Electromagnetic compatibility of power electronics devices", "Industrial Electronics" and even before "Basic scientific research".

 BOOK LINK
https://www.mediafire.com/?ckitxpd0ua118lx

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