Inverter Control Strategies for a Grid Stabilizing Power-to-Gas System = 전력가스화 (P2G) 시스템에서 계통 안정화를 위한 인버터 제어기법 -School of Tech University of Korea

  전력가스화 (P2G) 시스템에서 계통 안정화를 위한 인버터 제어기법 Tech University of Korea

  Ph.D. Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Energy and Electrical Engineering and the Graduate School of Tech University of Korea in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Philosophy Degree in Engineering June 2024 

 Abstract

Inverter Control Strategies for a Grid Stabilizing Power-to-Gas System 전력가스화 (P2G) 시스템에서 계통 안정화를 위한 인버터 제어기법 The integration of Power-to-Gas (P2G) systems into modern power grids represents a pivotal advancement towards achieving a more sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure. However, this integration introduces both challenges and opportunities, particularly concerning grid stability and the effective incorporation of renewable energy sources. This thesis delves into the intricate dynamics of P2G system integration, with a specific focus on the role of inverter control strategies in ensuring grid stability and facilitating the seamless integration of renewable energy sources. Through an extensive review of existing literature and rigorous analysis, various control strategies tailored for P2G applications are explored, emphasizing their efficacy in addressing grid stability concerns. Key aspects examined include voltage and frequency regulation, active and reactive power control, ancillary services provision, and energy storage management. These factors are crucial for maintaining grid stability amidst the variability inherent in renewable energy generation and the intermittent nature of P2G systems. Additionally, the development and implementation of advanced control algorithms are discussed. These algorithms are designed to account for grid dynamics, renewable energy variability, and compliance with grid codes and regulations. A particular focus is placed on enhancing grid-forming capabilities within inverters, enabling autonomous operation even in weak grid conditions, thereby bolstering grid resilience.

ORIGINAL LINK:  

https://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=e4eef281c8f67286ffe0bdc3ef48d419&keyword=inverter%20grid%20forming%20system

 ALTERNATIVE LINK:https://www.mediafire.com/file/wx16ob1ycexs50b/Inverter+Control+Strategies+for+a+Grid+Stabilizing+Power-to-Gas+System.pdf/file

 

Performance Comparison of Droop Control and VSG Control for Grid Forming Inverter = 그리드 포밍 인버터를 위한 드룹 제어와 가상 동기 발전기 (VSG) 제어의 성능 비교 by Thapyay Hlaing-Kwangwoon University South Korea

 

Performance Comparison of Droop Control and Virtual Synchronous Generator (VSG) Control for Grid Forming Inverters

 Advisor: Professor Minhan Yoon Submitted for the Master's Degree in Electrical Engineering July 1, 2025 Kwangwoon University Department of Electrical Engineering Thapyay Hlaing

 ] 그리드 포밍 인버터를 위한 드룹 제어와 가상 동기 발전기 (VSG) 제어의 성능 비교 Performance Comparison of Droop Control and VSG Control for Grid Forming Inverter 지도교수 윤민한 이 논문을 전기공학 석사학위논문으로 제출함 2025년 7월 1일 광운대학교 전기공학과 Thapyay Hlaing

 ABSTRACT As the growing integration of renewable energy sources, inverter-based resources (IBRs) becoming new challenges for power system stability. This brings new contests to maintain system stability. The inverter that lacks inertia and making the grid more sensitive to disturbances, especially under weak grid conditions. The thesis offers a detailed performance comparison between droop control and VSG control for grid-forming inverters. The wide-spread simulation-based testing was conducted under various scenarios, including steady state operations, load variations, and fault conditions such as low voltage ride through (LVRT). GFM inverters with droop control effectively regulate power sharing. This provides improved system stability by proportionally adjusting frequency and voltage responses. VSG control further improves dynamic behavior by mimicking the inertia and damping characteristics of synchronous generators, resulting in smoother transitions and stronger fault response. Each control strategy was evaluated for its ability to handle power deviations, share load among multiple inverters and maintain system stability under both normal and fault conditions. Therefore, the careful selection and tuning of inverter control methods are critical to ensure balanced grid support, reliable power sharing, and fault ride- through performance. Advanced GFM control strategies such as droop and VSG will play a central role in enabling stable and resilient grid operation.

View full Thesis: ORIGINAL LINK

 https://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=071c02e876d833bcffe0bdc3ef48d419&keyword=inverter%20grid%20forming%20system

 ALTERNATIVE LINK : https://www.mediafire.com/file/ectvrvhzxyirakk/Performance+Comparison+of+Droop+Control+and+VSG+Control+for+Grid+Forming+Inverter.pdf/file

Fundamental of Power Electronics-24-1 High-Frequency Dynamics Controlled by Current Mode- Dr.Wang Haoyu-School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University

 

Modeling and Control of Power Electronic Converters.

ShanghaiTech University Online English Course: Power Electronic Converter Modeling and Control Instructor:Professor Wang Haoyu 

{Haoyu Wang} (Senior Member, IEEE) received the bachelor's degree with distinguished honor in electrical engineering from Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China, in 2009, and the Ph.D. degree in electrical engineering from the University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA, in 2014. In September 2014, he joined the School of Information Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, where he is currently a Full Professor with tenure. In 2023, he was a visiting academic fellow at the University of Cambridge, UK. His research interests include power electronics, electric vehicles, renewable energy systems, and power management integrated circuits. Dr. Wang is an IET Fellow. He serves as an Associate Editor for IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON INDUSTRIAL ELECTRONICS, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON TRANSPORTATION ELECTRIFICATION, and CPSS Transactions on Power Electronics and Applications. He was a Guest Editor for IEEE JOURNAL OF EMERGING AND SELECTED TOPICS IN POWER ELECTRONICS, and a Guest Associate Editor for IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER ELECTRONICS.

Optimal Placement of Grid-Forming controlled Converters for Small Signal Stability Enhancement of Power Systems by Yahya Lamrani-THESE Présentée en vue d’obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR En Spécialité : Génie Électrique Par Yahya LAMRANI DOCTORAT DELIVRE PAR CENTRALE LILLE

 

CENTRALE LILLE THESE Présentée en vue d’obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR En Spécialité : Génie Électrique Par Yahya LAMRANI DOCTORAT DELIVRE PAR CENTRALE LILLE 

Titre de la thèse : Localisation optimale des convertisseurs grid forming sur les réseaux de transport pour l'amélioration de la stabilité petits signaux Optimal Placement of Grid-Forming controlled Converters for Small Signal Stability Enhancement of Power Systems

 

 Abstract The massive deployment of renewable energy sources in the context of the energy transition has brought new challenges to the power system. The integration of renewable energy is mostly achieved by means of power electronics. High Voltage DC (HVDC) links, wind and solar parks all utilize Voltage Source Converters (VSC) to connect to the power system. Conventionally, the VSCs are controlled using the Grid Following (GFL) scheme. This control mode is reported to challenge the Small-Signal Stability (SSS) of the power systems. Grid Forming (GFM) control has emerged as an alternative technology to counter the issues resulting from the increasing penetration of power electronics in modern and future power systems. This thesis aims to propose a method for estimating power system needs for GFM- controlled converters, and determining their optimal placement within the network to en- hance the system SSS. First, the stabilizing effect of GFM is highlighted; various types of GFM controls are tested under different operating points and in different networks. The stability analysis is conducted using a state-space model and then confirmed by Electromag- netic Transients (EMT) simulations. The results indicate that all GFM controls provide a stabilizing effect. However, this effect varies significantly: all things being equal, the use of a current loop in the control structure makes the GFM less stabilizing and less robust to network variations (topology, operating point, type of loads). To best exploit the established stabilizing GFM properties, an iterative methodology for placing GFM-controlled convert- ers is proposed. This approach relies on two main indicators: the Frequency Averaged Grid Impedance (FAGI) to identify the weakest system bus, and the Modal Non-Passivity In- dex (MnPI) to assess the system stability. Both tools are based on the impedance model of the network and converters, extended beyond the fundamental frequency. Using this methodology, the minimal volume of GFM converters to be installed and their placement is determined. A realistic case study is considered to test the methodology and to determine the network short- and long-term needs for GFM converters.

VIEW FULL THESIS: https://theses.hal.science/tel-04885327v1/file/Lamrani_Yahya_DLE.pdf 

Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control in Power Electronic Based Power Systems: A Comparative Study Gao, Xian; Zhou, Dao; Anvari-Moghaddam, Amjad; Blaabjerg, Frede-AAU Energy Aalborg University Aalborg, DK-9220, Denmark

 

Grid-Following and Grid-Forming Control in Power Electronic Based Power Systems: A Comparative Study Xian Gao, Dao Zhou, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, and Frede Blaabjerg

 Abstract - The stability of frequency is at risk with increasing penetration of power electronic converters. In this case, the power grid will lack the moment of inertia to maintain a stable voltage and frequency in the event of a large disturbance. In order to improve the stability of the power grid, traditional grid-following control is needed to be transformed to grid-forming control. This paper analyzes the control structure of grid-following control and grid-forming control. Moreover, a case study is exemplified to compare the performance of two control strategies responding to frequency disturbances. Finally, a simulation model of 15 kW grid-connected converter is built in Matlab/Simulink to discuss the performance of the grid-following and grid-forming converters under different working conditions.

View full paper :https://vbn.aau.dk/ws/portalfiles/portal/452850850/Final_Grid_Following_and_Grid_Forming_Control_in_Power_Electronic_Based_Power_Systems_A_Comparative_Study.pdf 

Grid-forming control to achieve a 100% power electronics interfaced power transmission systems by Taoufik Qoria -”Nouvelles lois de contrˆole pour former des r´eseaux de transport avec 100% d’´electronique de puissance”

 

´ECOLE DOCTORALE SCIENCES ET M´ETIERS DE L’ING´ENIEUR L2EP - Campus de Lille TH`ESE pr´esent´ee par : Taoufik QORIA soutenue le : 5 Novembre 2020 pour obtenir le grade de : Docteur d’HESAM Universit´e pr´epar´ee `a : ´Ecole Nationale Sup´erieure d’Arts et M´etiers Sp´ecialit´e : G´enie Electrique Grid-forming control to achieve a 100% power electronics interfaced power transmission systems

 Résumé The rapid development of intermittent renewable generation and HVDC links yields an important increase of the penetration rate of power electronic converters in the transmission systems. Today, power converters have the main function of injecting power into the main grid, while relying on synchronous machines that guaranty all system needs. This operation mode of power converters is called "Grid-following". Grid-following converters have several limitations: their inability to operate in a standalone mode, their stability issues under weak-grids and faulty conditions and their negative side effect on the system inertia.To meet these challenges, the grid-forming control is a good solution to respond to the system needs and allow a stable and safe operation of power system with high penetration rate of power electronic converters, up to a 100%. Firstly, three grid-forming control strategies are proposed to guarantee four main features: voltage control, power control, inertia emulation and frequency support. The system dynamics and robustness based on each control have been analyzed and discussed. Then, depending on the converter topology, the connection with the AC grid may require additional filters and control loops. In this thesis, two converter topologies have been considered (2-Level VSC and VSC-MMC) and the implementation associated with each one has been discussed. Finally, the questions of the grid-forming converters protection against overcurrent and their post-fault synchronization have been investigated, and then a hybrid current limitation and resynchronization algorithms have been proposed to enhance the transient stability of the system. At the end, an experimental test bench has been developed to confirm the theoretical approach. 

VIEW FULL THESIS :https://theses.hal.science/tel-03078479v1 

DIRECT LINK: https://pastel.hal.science/tel-03078479v1/document 

Conception et pilotage de réseaux de convertisseurs génériques dans un contexte Smartgrids Antoine Bulteau

THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES École doctorale : EEATS - Electronique, Electrotechnique, Automatique, Traitement du Signal (EEATS)

 Spécialité : GENIE ELECTRIQUE Unité de recherche : Laboratoire de Génie Electrique Conception et pilotage de réseaux de convertisseurs génériques dans un contexte Smartgrids Design and control of a network of generic cluster converters for Smartgrids Présentée par : Antoine BULTEAU

Summary The desire to integrate more renewable energy into the electrical grid necessitates an evolution in its architecture. This evolution will shift grid generation sources from centralized to decentralized production, facilitating and distributing the placement of renewable and intermittent generation sources across the grid. However, this decentralized integration raises a number of issues, notably the use of power electronics to facilitate access to these energy sources while simultaneously providing grid services. This thesis initially focuses on a pair of converters designed to address this grid

VIEW FULL THESIS: https://theses.hal.science/tel-04206778v1

 evolution and to perform potentially necessary grid services. This pair of converters is termed an energy router due to the grid services it offers.

Grid-forming control strategies of power electronic converters in transmission grids: application to HVDC link BY Ebrahim Rokrok

 

Grid-forming control strategies of power electronic converters in transmission grids : application to HVDC link Ebrahim Rokrok 

THESE présentée en vue d’obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR en Spécialité: Génie Électrique par Ebrahim Rokrok 

DOCTORAT DELIVRE PAR CENTRALE LILLE 

 Summary 

 The rapid development of converter-based devices such as converter-interfaced renewable generations and high-voltage direct-current (HVDC) transmission links is causing a profound change into the very physics of the power system. In this scenario, the power generation is shifted from the pollutant synchronous generators based on nuclear or fossil fuels to converter-based renewable resources. The modeling, control, and stability of the power converters are now one of the focuses of attention for researchers. Today, power converters have the main function of injecting power into the utility grid, while relying on synchronous machines that ensure all system needs (eg, ancillary services, provision of inertia and reliable power reserves). This operation mode of power converters is called "Grid-following". Grid-following converters have several limitations, such as: inability to operate in a standalone mode, stability issues under weak grids and faulty conditions and also, negative side effect on the system inertia. To tackle these challenges, the grid-forming control as an alternative has shown its appropriate performance that could make this kind of control a promising solution to respond to the system needs and to allow a stable and safe operation of power system with high penetration rate of power electronic converters. In this thesis, a fundamental description of grid-forming control with a simplified quasi-static modeling approach aiming to regulate the converter active power by a voltage source behavior is presented. From the description, several variants of grid-forming strategies are identified that represent some differences in terms of active power dynamic behavior, inertia emulation capability and system frequency support. Hence, the presented grid-forming variants are then classified according to their capabilities/functionalities. 

View Full Thesis : https://theses.hal.science/tel-04041405v1

DIRECT LINK  : https://theses.hal.science/tel-04041405v1/document

 ability to operate under very weak grid conditions. Moreover, the ancillary services such as inertial response and frequency support are appropriately provided to the AC grid.

The Theory Of Electromagnetic Field by K. Polivanov; P Ivanov (translator)-Теория электромагнитного поля К. Поливанова; П. Иванов (переводчик)

 

 

The Theory Of Electromagnetic Field by K. Polivanov; P Ivanov (translator) 

The theory of an electromagnetic field is a concluding subject in the curriculum of the theoretical training of electrical engineers. The field theory course usually follows the course in the basic theory of electric circuits. The author covers the basic aspects of the theory of an electromagnetic field within the restricted space so that the text can fit the interest of students and answer the practical engineering needs. The emphasis therefore is on the behavior of fer­ romagnetic bodies in an electromagnetic field and on the processes in real imperfect dielectrics and poor conductors. The text also gives strict definitions of the basic vec­ tors and shows the differences between them. Many of the aspects discussed in the book focus on the problems one has to deal with in electrical engineering practice. This is one of the factors that influenced the organization of the book and the manner of presentation of the material. A similar treatment of the field theory was also given in the book by A. Netushil and K. Polivanov The Theory o f Electromagnetic Field. Theoretical Principles o f Elec­ trical Engineering. Part 3 (Gosenergoizdat, in Russian). No effort has been made to cite a great number of contributors in this area. In the author's opinion, of many valuable texts, the following books will be very helpful to students in the study of the theory of electrical engineering: Analysis and Synthesis o f Electric Circuits (Mir Publishers) by G. Zeveke, P. Ionkin, A. Netushil, and S. Strakhov, The Feynman Lectures on Physics (Addison-Wesley) by R. Feynman, R. Leighton, and M. Sands, Electricity and Magnetism (McGraw-Hill) by E. Purcell that treats the effects of moving bodies in an electromagnetic Field, and Fundamentals o f the Theory o f Elec­ tricity (Mir Publishers) by I. Tamm.

LINK1:  https://archive.org/details/polivanov-the-theory-of-electromagnetic-field-mir-1983/page/206/mode/2up

BOOST ZVT PWM

 

MagNet Challenge 2 - Tutorial 4: Summary and Q&A by Minjie Chen - Princeton Power Electronics (ENGLISH AND PORTUGUESE VERSION)

 ENGLISH

 

PORTUGUESE 

BR MagNet Challenge 2 - Tutorial 5: New Models and Testing Methods by Shukai Wang - Princeton Power Electronics

 

ELETRÔNICA DE POTENCIA -OPTOCOUPLER E CIRCUITOS DE DISPARO E PROTEÇÃO DE DISPOSITIVOS DE POTENCIA-POWER ELECTRONICS - OPTOCOUPLER AND TRIGGER AND PROTECTION CIRCUITS FOR POWER DEVICES-Prof.Jingzhuo Shi-

 

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