RADIATION TOLERANT POWER ELECTRONICS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS Doctoral Thesis Jaroslav Laifr Prague, November 2018-Czech Technical University in Prague Faculty of Electrical Engineering Department of Measurement

RADIATION TOLERANT POWER ELECTRONICS FOR SPACE APPLICATIONS Doctoral Thesis Jaroslav Laifr Prague, November 2018 

Abstract: The aim of this thesis is to summarize the state-of-the-art satellite electronics design, find its bottlenecks and propose a novel, scientific-based approaches on the space power systems development addressing rapidly evolving so-called "NewSpace" ecosystem. The modern consumer-driven electronics with rising computational power and miniaturization demands similar to the Moore's Law for computers brings new technological challenges and problems. The NewSpace community needs to understand them to successfully conduct its presence in space, both aboard earth-orbiting and interplanetary missions. It is the satellite (manned and unmanned) and aerospace industry, private or government-led institutions which need to follow the technological and scientific progress by faster steps if want to utilize the full potential of the scientific and technological progress in commercially available markets and technological breakthroughs. Initial studies are the follow-up of the author's Master thesis: Fluxgate Magnetometer for Satellite Attitude Control, carried on within the multi-faculty CubeSat project CzechTechSat led by the author as the Principal Investigator. Students were implementing authors' hypotheses within their bachelor and master thesis terms and supported their research and validation. Key findings were implemented as an practical example of the thesis utilization within the Low Voltage Power Supply unit for the Radio and Plasma Waves Investigation instrument selected to be flown aboard the European Space Agency L-Class mission called JUICE (Jupiter Icy Moon Explorer) into the Jovian system in 2023. Also in the project CRREAT by the realization of the ultra low power dosimeter for small satellites. The thesis is also a base of the spacecraft electronics design E-Book called "NewSpace Economically" prepared to be released to the small satellite community in 2019. Keywords: ESA, RPWI, JUICE, CubeSat, NewSpace, Radiation, Power Supply, Satellite.

ORIGINAL LINK : 

https://dspace.cvut.cz/bitstreams/f1967e19-960c-4e34-9a18-6039da3b856d/download

ENLACE ALTERNATIVO : https://www.mediafire.com/file/6k4gywmdvanik6c/F3-D-2019-Laifr-Jaroslav-Jaroslav_Laifr_Doctoral_Thesis.pdf/file

PROJETO DO CIRCUITO RESONANTE TESTE DE POTENCIA E TESTE DE CURTOCIRCUITO

 

ENGENHEIRO XIAOSHAN LAOSHOU EXPLICA PASO A PASO DEL TESTE DE POTENCIA E TESTE DE CURTOCIRCUITO.

PROYECTO DE INVERSOR RESONANTE-PARTE2

 

PROYECTO DE LA TARJETA POTENCIA DEL INVERSOR RESONANTE

 

MONTAGEM E CALIBRAÇAO DE INVERSOR RESONANTE SENOIDAL

 

Implementation of Energy based Hysteresis Model in LTspice for power electronics applications Fabien Sixdenier, Riccardo Scorretti, Vittorio Bertolini, Antonio Faba-Universite Claude Bernard Lyon INSA Lyon, Ecole Centrale de Lyon, France † University of Perugia, Italy

 Implementation of Energy based Hysteresis Model in LTspice for power 1 electronics applications Fabien Sixdenier∗, Riccardo Scorretti∗†, Vittorio Bertolini†, Antonio Faba† 

Abstract—Circuit simulation software is routinely used in power electronics to analyze systems with magnetic cores exhibiting significant hysteresis behavior. This paper presents the implementation of the Energy-Based Hysteresis Model (EBHM) in LTspice to account for hysteresis in magnetic cores of inductors. The model is validated via transient simulations of a DC/DC buck converter, comparing results with experimental measurements across various input voltages, frequencies, and duty cycles. While the model accurately predicts average current, discrepancies in current ripple are observed, attributed to core-to-core variability in ferrite materials. The EBHM implementation offers a significant computational advantage, with simulation times remaining under 10 seconds even for highly saturated cases. The model’s robustness and potential for extension to dynamic effects (e.g., eddy currents) are discussed, along with its applicability to other power electronics topologies.

READ FULL ARTICLE: https://hal.science/hal-05422867/document

Study of a High-Power Medium Frequency Transformer Using Amorphous Magnetic Material by Shichong Zhang,Dezhi Chen * and Baodong Bai- School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110027, China

 

Study of a High-Power Medium Frequency Transformer Using Amorphous Magnetic Material by Shichong ZhangORCID,Dezhi Chen * andBaodong Bai School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang 110027, China

Abstract A shell-type medium frequency transformer (MFT) using amorphous alloy material is designed for high-power electronic applications. The optimal area product design method is adopted to design an MFT, which maximizes the high efficiency and power density, minimizes the loss and volume, and meets the limitations of insulation and temperature rise. Then, a 20 kVA/10 kHz MFT is designed. To ensure the rationality of the MFT design, the magnetic properties of the amorphous alloy material are measured, and finite element simulations are carried out based on measured magnetic properties. The magnetic flux density, loss, and temperature rise of the designed MFT are analyzed. Finally, a 20 kVA/10 kHz MFT prototype is fabricated, and experimental tests are carried out. The loss and temperature rise of the MFT prototype are within reason, which verifies the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. 

READ FULL ARTICLE:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/14/10/2129

SUB SYNCHRONOUS OSCILLATIONS IN MODERN TRANSMISSION GRIDS DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF NOVEL CONCEPTS FOR MITIGATING ADVERSE DFIG-SSR INTERACTIONS

SUB SYNCHRONOUS OSCILLATIONS IN MODERN TRANSMISSION GRIDS DESIGN AND VALIDATION OF NOVEL CONCEPTS FOR MITIGATING ADVERSE DFIG-SSR INTERACTIONS

Dissertation for the degree of Doctor at Delft University of Technology, by the authority of the Rector Magnificus Prof.dr.ir. T.H.J.J. van der Hagen, Chair of the Board for Doctorates, to be defended in public on Thursday, 24 June 2021 at 15:00 by Vinay Naraindatt SEWDIEN Civil Engineer, KU Leuven, Belgium born in Paramaribo, Suriname 

 SUMMARY 

The ongoing energy transition results on the one hand in a proliferation of power electronics interfaced devices and on the other hand in a decreasing availability of conventional synchronous generation. These developments pose important challenges for transmission system operators to operate a low inertia power system. As part of my research I have created a list of 28 related challenges, validated by industry, that are grouped into three categories: (i) Reduced Voltage and Frequency Support, (ii) New Operation of the Power System and (iii) New Behaviour of the Power System. The focus of this research is on category (iii) and addresses the sub synchronous resonance (SSR) phenomenon between a doubly fed induction generator (DFIG) and a series compensated transmission line. This phenomenon is denoted as DFIG-SSR in this thesis. Failing to adequately address resonances results in among others degradation of the power quality, protection tripping, physical damage to power system equipment and ultimately instability in the power system. The main objective of this research is to investigate and validate the degree of effectiveness of the existing phase imbalance compensation concept, as well as to design and validate a new prediction gain scheduling control concept for mitigating DFIG-SSR. For these investigation, design and validation activities, electromagnetic transient (EMT) simulation models of the DFIG wind turbine are developed using Power System Computer Aided Design (PSCAD). In line with common practice, the topology of the IEEE First Benchmark Model is used as a smallsize study model, whereas the larger IEEE 39-Bus Model is used for validation of the obtained results. The impedance based stability method is used to quantify the impact of potential mitigation solutions on DFIG-SSR. This dissertation has three main contributions. First, recommendations are developed to obtain the frequency-dependent impedance of power electronics interfaced devices through numerical EMT simulations of black box, non-linear simulation models. These recommendations are crucial to perform interaction studies. The influence of the impedance calculation time, model granularity and composition of the perturbation signal on the obtained impedance is presented and guidelines are given on how to select the correct model and parameters for the numerical simulations. Second, a methodology is developed that enables the systematic assessment and design of the phase imbalance compensation concept for mitigating DFIG-SSR. The phase imbalance compensation concept is an alternative way of fixed series compensation, where the imbalance is implemented as a series or as a parallel resonance scheme in either one or two phases of the transmission line. The influence of the series and parallel schemes as well as the influence of their different degrees of asymmetry on the stability of the system are rigorously investigated. The series scheme introduces one series resonance in the power system, where the resonance frequency increases as a function of the degree of asymmetry. The increase is more pronounced viii SUMMARY when the series scheme is implemented in two phases. The parallel scheme on the other hand decreases the series resonance frequency and this decrease is more pronounced when the scheme is implemented in two phases. However, the parallel scheme introduces an additional parallel resonance with a frequency between 20 and 30 Hz, the stability of which depends on the degree of asymmetry.

FULL THESIS :https://research.tudelft.nl/files/93510648/Thesis_for_ONLINE_v2.pdf

Satellite Electrical Power System -Nuno Laranjeira Ramo Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in Electronics Engineering -INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE LISBOA

Satellite Electrical Power System by Nuno Laranjeira Ramo Thesis to obtain the Master of Science Degree in Electronics Engineering -INSTITUTO SUPERIOR DE LISBOA 

 Abstract The Electrical Power System (EPS) is an electronic circuit board that is designed to supply and manage process the energy in an efficient way. This document describes the design architecture and circuits involved for an EPS deployed in the ISTsat ONE nano satellite project. The EPS generates energy through its solar panels which is stored in the battery and then, using DC-DC switching voltage regulators, converts it to the final voltage of +3.3 V and +5 V, supplying these voltage rails for the rest of the subsystems of the satellite. This architecture meets the performance and size requirements of CubeSat architecture (cubic shape with 10 cm of edge, satellite with less than 10 kg). The EPS is composed by various systems, namely: Maximum Power Point Tracking mechanism to achieve maximum efficiency in the conversion of solar energy, a 20.8 Wh battery, solar panels and redundant circuitry to continuously ensure the power supply to the satellite. The EPS is a subsystem of the ISTsat ONE and as such, it communicates with other subsystems present in the satellite sending data logs, error warnings as well as receiving commands.

FULL THESIS: https://istsat-one.tecnico.ulisboa.pt/~istsat-one.daemon/docs/thesis_NunoRamos_EPS_2018.pdf

Grid-Forming Inverters as Synchronous Machine Replacements: Stability Analysis and Overcurrent Protection Strategies-MASTER THESIS ENGINEERING ELERTRICAL-ROBERTO NETO-Università di Padova

 

Grid-Forming Inverters as Synchronous Machine Replacements: Stability Analysis and Overcurrent Protection Strategies-MASTER THESIS ENGINEERING ELERTRICAL-MASTER CANDIDATE-ROBERTO NETO-Università di Padova 

 Abstract The increasing integration of renewable energy sources into power systems is driving the progressive replacement of traditional synchronous generators with power electronic converters. While essential for decarbonization, this shift leads to a significant reduction in system inertia, thereby compromising frequency stability and dynamic performance. Grid-forming inverters (GFMs) have emerged as a promising solution to these challenges, as they autonomously regulate voltage and frequency, effectively emulating the behavior of conventional synchronous machines. This thesis presents a comprehensive study of three major grid-forming control strategies: droop control, Virtual Synchronous Machine (VSM), and dispatchable Virtual Oscillator Control (dVOC). Each approach is evaluated based on its dynamic response and stability characteristics. Time-domain simulations are carried out in MATLAB/Simulink on a modified IEEE 9-bus test system. Scenarios include systems dominated by synchronous machines, mixedgeneration configurations, and grids with 100% inverter-based renewable sources. The results highlight the critical role of GFMs in enhancing frequency stability and grid resilience. In addition, the thesis includes detailed modeling of the inverters DC-side power supply, consisting of a photovoltaic plant coupled with a Hybrid Energy Storage System (HESS) based on batteries and supercapacitors. This configuration reflects realistic operating conditions and ensures stable power injection into the AC grid. Finally, the thesis explores protection mechanisms to mitigate overcurrent conditions during disturbances. These control strategies are vital to ensure the secure operation of GFMs under fault scenarios and to support the long-term reliability of renewable-based power systems.

FULL THESIS: https://thesis.unipd.it/retrieve/7da633d3-120d-48a3-ad52-76b2fc66574e/Tonet_Roberto.pdf

Inverter Control Strategies for a Grid Stabilizing Power-to-Gas System = 전력가스화 (P2G) 시스템에서 계통 안정화를 위한 인버터 제어기법 -Gedeon Rusatira-Tech University of Korea

 

Inverter Control Strategies for a Grid Stabilizing Power-to-Gas System 전력가스화 (P2G) 시스템에서 계통 안정화를 위한 인버터 제어기법by  Gedeon Rusatira 

 A Ph.D. Dissertation Submitted to the Department of Energy and Electrical Engineering and the Graduate School of Tech University of Korea in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Philosophy Degree in Engineering June 2024

Abstract 

Inverter Control Strategies for a Grid Stabilizing Power-to-Gas System 전력가스화 (P2G) 시스템에서 계통 안정화를 위한 인버터 제어기법 

The integration of Power-to-Gas (P2G) systems into modern power grids represents a pivotal advancement towards achieving a more sustainable and resilient energy infrastructure. However, this integration introduces both challenges and opportunities, particularly concerning grid stability and the effective incorporation of renewable energy sources. This thesis delves into the intricate dynamics of P2G system integration, with a specific focus on the role of inverter control strategies in ensuring grid stability and facilitating the seamless integration of renewable energy sources. Through an extensive review of existing literature and rigorous analysis, various control strategies tailored for P2G applications are explored, emphasizing their efficacy in addressing grid stability concerns. Key aspects examined include voltage and frequency regulation, active and reactive power control, ancillary services provision, and energy storage management. These factors are crucial for maintaining grid stability amidst the variability inherent in renewable energy generation and the intermittent nature of P2G systems. Additionally, the development and implementation of advanced control algorithms are discussed. These algorithms are designed to account for grid dynamics, renewable energy variability, and compliance with grid codes and regulations. A particular focus is placed on enhancing grid-forming capabilities within inverters, enabling autonomous operation even in weak grid conditions, thereby bolstering grid resilience. Practical case studies and simulations form an integral part of this research, allowing for the assessment of various control strategies’ performance under diverse grid scenarios. Insights gained from these analyses contribute to a deeper understanding of inverter control strategies and address regulatory and technical considerations associated with grid support functions. Ultimately, this thesis aims to serve as a valuable resource for policymakers, grid operators, and industry stakeholders, providing guidance on the implementation of effective control strategies for P2G applications. Novel distributed control systems specifically designed for P2G inverter applications are proposed, with the overarching goal of improving stability, efficiency, and dependability within the energy grid. By advancing our understanding of inverter control strategies and their role in P2G integration, this research contributes to the ongoing transition towards sustainable energy systems. This fosters a robust and environmentally friendly energy landscape, paving the way for a more resilient and equitable energy future.

 keywords: Distributed control strategies, Grid stability, Inverter control, Power-to-Gas (P2G), Renewable energy integration 

FULL THESIS : https://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=e4eef281c8f67286ffe0bdc3ef48d419&keyword=grid%20forming

인버터 주도 계통 안정도의 그리드 포밍 제어 영향 연구 = A study on the influence of grid forming control on inverter-driven grid stability

 

인버터 주도 계통 안정도의 그리드 포밍 제어 영향 연구 = A study on the influence of grid forming control on inverter-driven grid stability GwangwoonUniversity GraduateSchoolof ElectricalEngineering KimDongWhi

ABSTRACT Recently, as new and renewable power sources penetrate into the system, an increase in IBR (Inverter Based Resource) and a decrease in synchronous generators are occurring. In this paper, the system operation using GFM (Grid Forming) was studied as a solution. The comparison study has been performed with the existing GFL (Grid Following) and synchronous generator in terms of the reduction in system inertia and robustness in the grid. This paper proposes a method for calculating the optimal capacity of GFM to ensure system stability and apply the novel IBR protection system (FRT, Black Start). In the case of GFM optimal capacity calculation, a renewable power source system network is modeled and various (load fluctuations, ground faults, generator trip) simulations are conducted with the existing synchronous generator, GFL, and GFM for the power system stability analysis. The formulation was performed by measuring Nadir with Monte-Carlo simulation results using the system inertia, GFL & GFM ratio, and renewable energy penetration rate as parameters. With the result, it was possible to know frequency nadir and the optimal GFM capacity required depending on system situation. The fault current limiter proposed has been verified its performance on the grid-connected photovoltaic IBR system. In addition, a stand-alone black start of GFM was proposed and the contribution of stable recovery through synchronization control was confirmed.

ORIGINAL LINK : https://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=b0edd4d81bb1ee59ffe0bdc3ef48d419&keyword=inverter%20grid%20forming

Development and Application of a Resilience-Based Index for Stability Assessment of Grid Integrated with Grid-Forming Inverters Lee Su-Ho Departmen of Electric and Electrical Engineering Graduate School Keimyung University

 

Development and Application of a Resilience-Based Index for Stability Assessment of Grid Integrated with Grid-Forming Inverters Lee Su-Ho Departmen of Electric and Electrical Engineering Graduate School Keimyung University (Supervised by Professor Park Young-Su) 

ABSTRACT 

This research focuses on analyzing the impact of Grid-Forming inverters in modern power systems with a growing share of renewable energy and develops a Frequency Stability Composite Index (FSCI) for evaluating their effectiveness particularly within the Jeju power grid. As Jeju Island progresses toward its "Carbon Free Island 2030" initiative incorporating Grid-Forming inverters has become essential to address the limitations of existing Grid-Following inverters in low-inertia systems. The study includes simulations based on the IEEE-9 bus test system and the Jeju grid exploring various disturbance scenarios to assess the contribution of Grid-Forming inverters. The evaluation spans scenarios with renewable energy penetration levels of 30% 50% 70% and 100%.

Furthermore the FSCI methodology is applied to quantitatively measure the dynamic frequency and voltage recovery characteristics providing insights into strategies for enhancing grid stability in high-renewable contexts.

Full Thesis translated from the original Korean language to English :

https://www.mediafire.com/file/ntj1bpziplb37cj/EvaluationoftheGridformingInverterinterconnectedsystemstability.pdf/file 

Understanding the insertion loss of filters in power electronics applications By Min Zhang, Founder and Principal EMC Consultant, Mach One Design

 

Étude de topologies de convertisseurs pour l'interconnexion d'un système d'électrification ferroviaire à courant continu moyenne tension et du réseau public de transport d'électricité- Luc Bimmel -Thèse présentée et soutenue, le 20 février 2026 par Luc BIMMEL

 

Étude de topologies de convertisseurs pour l'interconnexion d'un système d'électrification ferroviaire à courant continu moyenne tension et du réseau public de transport d'électricité- Luc Bimmel 

-Thèse présentée et soutenue, le 20 février 2026 par Luc BIMMEL École doctorale GEETS - Génie Electrique Electronique,Télécommunications et Santé : du système au nanosystème Spécialité Génie Electrique Unité de recherche LAPLACE - Laboratoire PLAsma et Conversion d'Énergie 

RESUME 

En France, 28 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre proviennent du transport des personnes. A titre de comparaison, les émissions du transport ferroviaire par passager-kilomètre représentent en moyenne un cinquantième de celles du transport aérien. L’accroissement du trafic ferroviaire est donc le meilleur moyen de réduire les déplacements en avion sur les courtes et moyennes distances. Aujourd’hui, les lignes électrifiées en courant continu sont pénalisées par leur niveau de tension relativement bas, 1,5 kV ou 3 kV selon les pays. Pour des niveaux de puissance de quelques MW, les courants absorbés par les trains sont de plusieurs kA. Des travaux antérieurs ont conduit à proposer un renforcement du système d’électrification existant par des transformateurs électroniques alimentés par un feeder MVDC déployé le long de la ligne ferroviaire. Une partie de l’énergie électrique destinée à l’alimentation des trains transite alors par le feeder MVDC et permet de diminuer le courant dans la caténaire et de réduire ainsi les pertes. Le projet RACCOR-D (Réseau ferroviaire À Courant COntinu intelligent pour le veRdissement De l’énergie électrique) dans lequel s’est positionné ce travail de thèse a été financé dans le cadre du programme France 2030. Celui-ci repose sur l’utilisation du feeder MVDC pour interconnecter des sources d’énergie renouvelable et des systèmes de stockage d’énergie électrique avec le système d’électrification ferroviaire. Lors des périodes de faible trafic, ce « smart-grid ferroviaire » peut alors fournir de la puissance au réseau public de transport d’électricité à condition que les sous-stations d’alimentation du feeder MVDC soient équipées de convertisseurs réversibles. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse présente le principe de l’électrification ferroviaire et détaille les différents systèmes utilisés en Europe. Une attention particulière est portée sur l’élévation de la tension DC. Par la suite, le principe des sous-stations réversibles est introduit. Le deuxième chapitre présente une comparaison entre différentes topologies d’onduleurs trois niveaux susceptibles de réaliser la sous-station réversible alimentant le feeder MVDC. Compte du niveau de tension souhaité, entre 6 kV et 9 kV, une association série de deux onduleurs à IGBT est retenue. Une étude analytique portant sur le calcul des pertes est effectuée pour les topologies ANPC (Active Neutral Point Clamped) et FC (Flying Capacitor). Les limites de fonctionnement des onduleurs sont alors calculées et comparées. Les différents résultats amènent à retenir la topologie FC. Le troisième chapitre est consacré au fonctionnement de la sous-station réversible qui sera basée sur une association de redresseurs à diodes et d’onduleurs de tension FC. Une analyse du comportement dynamique de la sous-station est effectuée.

ORIGINAL LINK: https://hal.science/tel-05605028v1 

LINK THESIS : https://theses.hal.science/tel-05605028v1/file/BIMMEL_Luc.pdf 

【ESSERC 2025】Projeto Detalhado de Chips de Gerenciamento de Energia: LDO/Buck/Híbrido (Prof. Bernhard Wicht) [Legendas em Chinês e Inglês]

 

Electrical Circuit Analysis Por Uday A. Bakshi, Late Ajay V. Bakshi

 

Лекции по теории цепей-Lectures on Circuit Theory-Год издания: 1991 Автор: С. И. Баскаков Жанр или тематика: Электротехника-Year of publication: 1991 Author: S.I. Baskakov Genre or subject: Electrical engineering

 Lectures on Circuit Theory 30285K (download pdf) 1991 edition (follow) Added: 10.03.2024 Cover image Abstract 

Year of publication: 1991

 Author: S.I. Baskakov 

Genre or subject: Electrical engineering Publisher: Moscow Power Engineering Institute Publishing House ISBN: 978-5-7046-0027-1

 Language: Russian

 Format: PDF

 Description: A systematic presentation of the course material "Fundamentals" "Circuit Theory" in accordance with the modern university curriculum. Methods for analyzing stationary harmonic modes of linear circuits, the theory of four-terminal networks, the characteristics of frequency-selective circuits and filters, and the fundamentals of nonlinear circuit theory are discussed. Methods for determining the response of a linear circuit to pulsed influences are examined in detail. The theory of circuits with distributed parameters is presented. Methods for synthesizing linear two-terminal networks are discussed. A separate chapter is devoted to the use of computers for calculating complex circuits. For students majoring in radio engineering at universities.

ORIGINAL LINK: http://flibusta.site/b/775497/download 

ALTERNATIVE LINK 1:https://www.mediafire.com/file/xe0kppe8zhtu4g9/Baskakov.pdf/file 

ALTERNATIVE LINK 2:https://mega.nz/file/MQ1E2Cga#ZGURJ0wtbOm3inwijscEdhvyHprUlWclIDxNNvBuW-w 

A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to DC-DC Power Electronic Converter Control with Practical Considerations-Nafiseh Mazaheri * , Daniel Santamargarita , Emilio Bueno , Daniel Pizarro and Santiago Cobrece

A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to DC-DC Power Electronic Converter Control with Practical Considerations Nafiseh Mazaheri * , Daniel Santamargarita , Emilio Bueno , Daniel Pizarro and Santiago Cobreces Department of Electronics, Alcalá University (UAH), Plaza San Diego S/N, 28801 Madrid, Spain

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based controllers as an alternative approach to improve the dynamic behavior, efficiency, and other aspects of DC–DC power electronic converters, which are traditionally controlled based on small signal models. These conventional controllers often fail to self-adapt to various uncertainties and disturbances. This paper presents a design methodology using proximal policy optimization (PPO), a widely recognized and efficient DRL algorithm, to make near-optimal decisions for real buck converters operating in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) while handling resistive and inductive loads. Challenges associated with delays in real-time systems are identified. Key innovations include a chattering-reduction reward function, engineering of input features, and optimization of neural network architecture, which improve voltage regulation, ensure smoother operation, and optimize the computational cost of the neural network. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the controller in real scenarios. The findings are believed to make significant contributions to the application of DRL controllers in real-time scenarios, providing guidelines and a starting point for designing controllers using the same method in this or other power electronic converter topologies. 

ORIGINAL LINK: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/14/3578 

NORMAS INTERNACIONAIS E NACIONAIS ESPECIFICAS QUE DEVEM TER OS UPS ONLINE PARA APLICAÇOES EM HOSPITAIS E EM SALAS DE CIRURGIA E TI

 

VER O ARTIGO COMPLETO:

 https://www.mediafire.com/file/0j0pag27e3amie8/NORMAS+INTERNACIONAIS+E+NACIONAIS+ESPECIFICAS+QUE+DEVEM+TER+OS+UPS+ONLINE+PARA+APLICAÇOES+EM+HOSPITAIS+E+EM+SALAS+DE+CIRURGIA+E+TI.pdf/file

Inertia Supervision for BESS Grid-forming Inverter TESI DI LAUREA MAGISTRALE IN Electrical ENGINEERING INGEGNERIA Elettrica Author: Seifeldin Nafea-POLITECNICO MILANO

Inertia Supervision for BESS Grid-forming Inverter TESI DI LAUREA MAGISTRALE IN Electrical ENGINEERING INGEGNERIA Elettrica Author: Seifeldin Nafea 

 Introduction 

 In recent years, the renewable energy generation started to rise dramatically for most countries. In Europe, following the introduction of the renewable energy directive 2009/28/EC, the region increased the share of renewable energies in energy consumption to 20% by 2020, according to Eurostat [1]. Out of such energy consumption, 23% was consumed by the electricity sector as the second highest source of energy consumption [1]. Nevertheless, renewable energy generation is expected to continue rising in the coming years as part of the decarbonization plan. The directive EU/2018/2001 has set the renewable energy target to reach 32% by the year 2030 [2]. Subsequently, a provisional agreement was accepted to raise that target to at least 42.5%, with an aim for 45% [2]. The Continuous rise of renewable generation in the electricity sector can cause some problems for the grid, which need to be addressed. In traditional power systems, the synchronous generator is the main source offering support to the grid through its kinetic energy and governor control. The synchronous machine has the capability to participate in the primary frequency control using the governor speed control mechanism and dampen the system dynamics through its inertia. However, the power converters connecting renewables with the grid do not possess such capabilities. In fact, their control structure is more focused on extracting the maximum power from the renewable source. With the growth of renewable energy sources, the use of synchronous machines is expected to decline, hence decreasing the system inertia and support [3]. Remarkable efforts are focused on developing a control approach that allows power converters to mimic the behavior of a synchronous machine. A captivating control family has emerged, called ‘Grid-forming Inverters,’ allowing the inverters to provide some of the synchronous machine functionalities like primary frequency control, oscillation damping, and contributing to system inertia. This control methodology is best suited to be implemented with batteries. The high ramp rate along with power and energy characteristics of batteries ensures compliance with the control output power signals. The grid-forming presents multiple control approaches [10], with the utmost attention focused on the so called “Virtual Synchronous Machine”. It directs the power converters to act in a similar manner to a synchronous generator, thus providing all its functions mentioned above.

FULL THESIS: https://www.politesi.polimi.it/retrieve/ba4f7e7c-20a1-4e1f-8f4b-e57e7549afc7/Inertia%20Supervision%20for%20BESS%20Grid%20Forming%20Inverter.pdf

M-ulti-objective operation strategy for a PV-integrated hybrid UPS-ESS using predictive heuristics and receding-horizon control-Seong-Soo Jeong-Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering The Graduate School Sungkyunkwan University

 

Abstract 

 A Multi-Objective Operation Strategy for a PV-Integrated Hybrid UPS–ESS using Predictive Heuristics and Receding-Horizon Control In recent industry, the adoption of renewable energy using photovoltaics (PV) has been promoted as part of efforts to address climate change. In precision manufacturing facilities, an uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is required to respond to momentary voltage sags and outages, and an energy storage system (ESS) is essential to compensate for the intermittent output of PV. Accordingly, this study investigates a multi-objective control strategy for a hybrid UPS–ESS (HUE) system integrated with PV. Short-term forecasts of load and PV generation are performed using a Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) model. Based on these forecasts, the minimum state of charge (SOC) required to secure HUE reserve power and the target SOC for system operation are calculated at each time step. Subsequently, the weights of each objective function are derived using Multi-Criteria Decision Making (MCDM), and a real-time operation strategy is constructed by combining predictive heuristics and Receding-Horizon Control (RHC). The predictive heuristic determines charge and discharge actions under operational constraints, while RHC updates the control decision at each time step by incorporating both forecasted and actual values. The proposed control aims to maintain an adequate SOC headroom for UPS readiness, suppress grid peaks to reduce electricity costs, and limit unnecessary SOC fluctuations that accelerate battery degradation. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed multi-objective operation strategy combining predictive heuristics and RHC outperforms the comparison scenarios in terms of SOC stability, grid operation reliability, and cost efficiency.

Development of Large-Scale Seawater Battery Cells for High Energy Density-저자 Youngjin Kim 발행사항 울산 : Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 2023 학위논문사항 학위논문(박사) -- Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology , Engineering Energy Engineering (Battery Science and Technology) , 2023

 

ABSTRACT Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are the most widely used rechargeable energy storage systems. However, the future expanding of the LIB technology is limited due to the high cost and scarcity of both core elements of lithium and cobalt. The use of cheap earth-abundant metals such as sodium, aluminum, potassium, calcium, and magnesium in their corresponding metal-based batteries which working on the same principle as LIBs, would greatly reduce the cost of battery technology. Nevertheless, despite the economic advantage of production process, the large-scale production of these metal-based batteries have been limited by their lower gravimetric and volumetric energy densities. Rechargeable seawater batteries (SWBs) are regarded as sustainable alternatives to Li-ion batteries due to the use of an unlimited and free source of Na ion active materials. Although many approaches including the introduction of new catalysts have successfully improved the performance of SWBs, reconsidering the cell design is an urgent requirement to improve the performance and scale up the production of practical batteries. In this study, by adjusting the maximum space efficiency, a rectangular cell is developed which due to its unique architecture, benefits from optimized contact to improve the overall charge transfer in the system. In view of the rigidity of the solid electrolyte, the novel cell model is intended to have adequate flexibility to be easily transported and practically utilized. At the same time as the development of the cell platform, energy efficiency was also improved by improving the materials and assembly methods for each part of the seawater battery, which will be an indicator for future battery development. Furthermore, the enhanced efficiency of the parallel stacked modules, indicates the capability of this cell in practical use. The seawater battery module was actually operated in the ocean to prove its potential, and an automated pilot design for uniform cell production was also carried out. The designed catalyst-free cell system shows a record capacity of 3.8 Ah (47.5 Ah kg−1), energy of 11 Wh (137.5 Wh kg−1), and peak power of 523 mW for individual unit cell, while it also retains performance up to 100 cycles. This design paves the way for commercializing rechargeable seawater batteries.

ORIGINAL LINK: 

https://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=b3b401c8481ee0b7ffe0bdc3ef48d419&keyword=BATTERY%20%20UPS%20%20IN%20PARALLEL

Full-scale Shaking Table Test of Uninterruptible Power Supply Installed in 2-stories Steel Structure 2-층 철골 구조물에 설치된 무정전전원장치의 실규모 진동대 실험연구-Lee, Ji-Eon ; Park, Won-Il ; Choi, Kyoung-Kyu (Department of Architecture Engineering, Soongsil University) ; Oh, Sang-Hoon ; Park, Hoon-Yang)KOREA

 

Full-scale Shaking Table Test of Uninterruptible Power Supply Installed in 2-stories Steel Structure 2층 철골 구조물에 설치된 무정전전원장치의 실규모 진동대 실험연구 Lee, Ji-Eon ; Park, Won-Il ; Choi, Kyoung-Kyu (Department of Architecture Engineering, Soongsil University) ; Oh, Sang-Hoon ; Park, Hoon-Yang 

이지언 (숭실대학교 건축학부) ; 박원일 (숭실대학교 건축학부) ; 최경규 (숭실대학교 건축학부) ; 오상훈 (부산대학교 건축공학과) ; 박훈양 ((주) 에너테크 기술연구소 Korea Institute for Structural Maintenance Inspection (한국구조물진단유지관리공학회) 

 Abstract

 In this study, the shaking table tests were carried out on six types of non-structural elements installed on a full-scale two-story steel structure. The shaking table tests were performed for non-structural elements with and without seismic isolators. In this study, the seismic performance of Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) specimens was tested and investigated. Non-seismic details were composed of conventional channel section steel beams, and the seismic isolators were composed of high damping rubber bearing (HDRB) and wire isolator. The input acceleration time histories were artificially generated to satisfy the requirements proposed by the ICC-ES AC156 code. Based on the test results, the damage and dynamic characteristics of the UPS with the seismic isolator were investigated in terms of the natural frequency, damping ratio, acceleration time history responses, dynamic amplification factors, and relative displacements. The results from the shaking table showed that the dynamic characteristics of the UPS including the acceleration response were significantly improved when using the seismic isolator. 본 연구에서는 실규모의 2층 철골 구조물에 7종의 건축 및 비건축 비구조요소를 설치하여 진동대 실험을 수행하였다. 진동대 실험은 현행 비내진상세와 면진장치를 적용한 실험으로 두 차례 수행되었으며 본 연구에서는 무정전전원장치(UPS)의 내진성능에 대하여 실험 및 분석하였다. 비내진정착상세로는 UPS 하단에 ㄷ형강 다리부가 설치되었고, 면진장치로는 고감쇠고무와 와이어로프로 구성된 개발 복합면진장치가 사용되었다. 지진하중모사를 위하여 ICC-ES AC156 (2010)에 따라 인공지진파를 생성 후, 동일 지진파의 크기를 점증하여 가진하였다. 진동대실험을 통해 복합면진장치의 적용여부에 따른 UPS의 거동 및 동적 특성(응답가속도, 응답변위, 동증폭계수, 고유진동수, 감쇠비)을 비교 및 분석하였다. 실험결과, 복합면진장치를 적용함에 따라 UPS의 고유진동수가 감소하여 응답가속도 및 증폭계수가 크게 감소하는 것으로 확인되었다.

 ORIGINAL LINK KOREA:https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202220362436736.pub

ENGLISH TRANSLATED VERSION :

https://www.mediafire.com/file/w9fmh000y32rgny/Full-scale+Shaking+Table+Test+of+Uninterruptible+Power+Supply+Installed+in+2-stories+Steel+Structure.en.dual.pdf/file

TRANSLATED VERSION INTO PORTUGUESE:

https://www.mediafire.com/file/xc2aeuquo8ja1c7/Full-scale+Shaking+Table+Test+of+Uninterruptible+Power+Supply+Installed+in+2-stories+Steel+Structure.pt-BR.dual.pdf/file

A SYSTEM FOR STATE-OF-HEALTH DIAGNOSIS OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES INTEGRATED WITH A BATTERY CHARGER Telles B. Lazzarin1 and Ivo Barbi2 1Federal Institute of Santa Catarina (IFSC), Florianópolis - SC, Brazil 2Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianópolis - SC, Brazil

 

A SYSTEM FOR STATE-OF-HEALTH DIAGNOSIS OF LEAD-ACID BATTERIES INTEGRATED WITH A BATTERY CHARGER 

Author Telles B. Lazzarin1 and Ivo Barbi

 Abstract – This paper reports a theoretical and experimental study on a proposal for a lead–acid battery charger applied in UPS, which has an integrated on-line test system to determine the state-of-health (SoH) of the batteries. The charger control structure is designed to ensure an appropriate charge for every battery in the pack. The battery evaluation system is based on historical analysis of the periodic measurements, such as internal impedance, DC voltage and operation temperature, performed for each battery. The periodic monitoring of these parameters provided by the integration of systems eliminates the disadvantages of online tests and thus allows the user to analyze the batteries adequately. The structure was experimentally verified on a prototype, where the battery SoH diagnosis system was integrated with a 1.5 kW battery charger. The system was designed for a bank of sixteen batteries associated in series.

LINK : https://journal.sobraep.org.br/index.php/rep/article/view/398/358

Comparative fire hazards of lithium-ion battery chemistries: Linking thermal behavior, gas toxicity, and state-of-charge to composite risk profiles Aamir Iqbal , Ashish Kakoria , Syed Talha Riaz , Jingmin Xu , Robert Illango Pushparaj , Guang Xu * Department of Mining and Explosives Engineering, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, 65401, USA

 

ABSTRACT 

Lithium-ion batteries (LIB) are widely used in electric vehicles (EVs) for their high energy density. However, their fire safety causes concerns because of the toxic gases emission and the challenge to extinguish. The type and quantity of toxic gases released during battery fires remain among the least studied hazards, with limited data available despite their serious health risks. This study examines the thermal and gaseous emission behavior of LIB cells after thermal runaway (TR). Five cell types, Lithium Iron Phosphate (LFP), Lithium Titanate (LTO), and three Lithium Nickel Manganese Cobalt oxide (NMC). The three NMC variants share the same base formula (LiNiMnCoO2); NMC1 and NMC3 differ only by manufacturer, while NMC2 has added Ni and Co for enhanced performance. These cells were tested under controlled thermal abuse conditions using a Ni-Chrom resistance wire powered by a DC voltage regulator. Tests were conducted at five states of charge (0 %, 25 %, 50 %, 75 %, 100 % SOC). Temperature profiles and fire/explosion observations were recorded along with the ten types of gas release rates including Carbon Monoxide (CO), Methane (CH4), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), Ammonia (NH3), Ethene (C2H4), Propene(C3H6), Formaldehyde (CH2O), Acrolein (C3H4O), Hydrogen Cyanide (HCN) and Hydrogen Fluoride (HF). CO showed the highest levels of toxic emissions reaching 150–200 L/kWh. Peak emission rates were highest for CO2 across all chemistries. A quantitative risk assessment was performed by combining the measured factors into a risk index (RI). These data were visualized in a color-coded heat map, allowing comparison of overall hazard across chemistries and charge levels. Key contributions include the first systematic measurement of formaldehyde emissions during LIB fires and the introduction of a cell-level safety rating, an actionable safety tool. This study contributes to the understanding of gas emissions during LIB fire, and evaluates the risks related to the types of battery and SOC. 

 LINK:https://scholarsmine.mst.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3000&context=min_nuceng_facwork

Les nouvelles stratégies de contrôle d’onduleurs pour un système électrique 100% interfacé par électronique de puissance by Guillaume Denis-

 From grid-following to grid-forming: The new strategy to build 100 % power-electronics interfaced transmission system with enhanced transient behavior Les nouvelles stratégies de contrôle d’onduleurs pour un système électrique 100% interfacé par électronique de puissance 

 Thèse présentée en vue d’obtenir le grade de Docteur En Spécialité: Génie Électrique Par Guillaume Denis Doctorat délivré par Centrale Lille Résumé In the context of renewable energy and HVDC links development in power systems, the present work concerns the technical operations of such systems. As wind power, solar photovoltaics and HVDC links are interfaced to the transmission grid with power-electronics, can the system be operated in the extreme case where the load is fed only through static converters?Driving a power system only based on power electronic interfaced generation is a tremendous change of the power system paradigm that must be clearly understood by transmission grid operators. The traditional “grid-feeding” control strategy of inverters exhibits a stability limit when their proportion becomes too important. The inverter control strategy must be turned into a “parallel grid-forming” strategy.This thesis first analyses the power system needs, proposes the requirements for “parallel grid-forming” converters and describes the associated challenges. Accordingly, the thesis gives a method for designing a stable autonomous synchronization controls so that grid-forming sources can operate in parallel with a good level of reliability. Then, a method is proposed to design a voltage control for a grid-forming PWM source taking into account the limited dynamic of large converters. The robustness of the solution is discussed for different configuration of the grid topology. A current limiting strategy is presented to solve the current sensitivity issue of grid-forming converters, subject to different stressing events of the transmission grid. The ideas developed on a single converter are then applied on small grids with a limited number of converters to allow a physical interpretation on the simulation results.

VIEW FULL THESIS: https://hal.science/tel-01905827v1

Direct AC Voltage Control for Grid-Forming Inverters Taoufik Qorai , Chuanyue Li , Ko Oue , Francois Gruson , Fréderic Colas , Xavier Guillaud

Direct AC Voltage Control for Grid-Forming Inverters Taoufik Qorai (1) , Chuanyue Li (1) , Ko Oue (1) , Francois Gruson (1) , Fréderic Colas (1) , Xavier Guillaud (1) 

 Résumé 

 Grid-forming inverters usually use inner cascaded controllers to regulate output AC voltage and converter output current. However, at the power transmission system level where the power inverter bandwidth is limited, i.e., low switching frequency, it is difcult to tune controller parameters to achieve the desired performances because of control loop interactions. In this paper, a direct AC voltage control-based state-feedback control is applied. Its control gains are tuned using a linear quadratic regulator. In addition, a sensitivity analysis is proposed to choose the right cost factors that allow the system to achieve the imposed specifcations. Conventionally, a system based on direct AC voltage control has no restriction on the inverter current. Hence, in this paper, a threshold virtual impedance has been added to the state-feedback control in order to protect the inverter against overcurrent. The robustness of the proposed control is assessed for diferent short-circuit ratios using smallsignal stability analysis. Then, it is checked in diferent grid topologies using time domain simulations. An experimental test bench is developed in order to validate the proposed control.

FUL PAPER: https://hal.science/hal-02458108v1

Resilient microgrids with high dynamic stability in the presence of massive integration of variable renewables BY Kevin Banjar Nahor -THÈSE Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE LA COMMUNAUTE UNIVERSITE GRENOBLE ALPES Spécialité : Génie Electrique

 

Resilient microgrids with high dynamic stability in the presence of massive integration of variable renewables Kevin Banjar Nahor 

Abstract This thesis deals with the stability issues introduced by the interconnection of massive renewables into an isolated microgrid. This research aims to identify the problems related to the topic, the indices to help understand the issues, and the strategy to enhance microgrid stability from the power system point of view.In the first part, a state of the art on the evolution of power stability is addressed. A short history of power system stability since its first identification and how it has evolved is firstly presented. This part also provides a literature review of the power system stability, including its classification, and how it has evolved due to two reasons: the microgrid concept and the trend towards the integration of more inverter-based generation. A review of the practical indices for grid stability assessment is also reported, including the ones that we propose. This part is also useful for analyzing the positioning of this PhD research.The second part of thesis presents the efforts to enhance the dynamic stability of microgrids characterized by massive renewable penetration. The main challenges and the current efforts are reviewed, which have shown that the current solutions focus on maintaining the philosophy of a classical power grid. With the advent of more intermittent energy, the current efforts have proven to be costly. Therefore, a new perspective is proposed. Here, the generating elements and the customers are exposed with higher deviations in voltage and frequency, which are necessary so that that the power equilibrium and the stability of the microgrid can be maintained. This perspective is suitable with the microgrid concept to realize the dream of universal electricity.The concept is then developed into a novel regulation strategy in which the system frequency and voltage are maintained in such a way to keep their ratio essentially constant around 1 (p.u. voltage to p.u. frequency). This strategy can potentially be implemented on all grid forming technologies. The benefits of employing this strategy include assurance that the electrical machinery is not harmed, plug-and-play feature, compatibility with current grid-tied inverter technologies, and no need for fast communication systems. Finally, this proposed strategy is easy to implement and does not require revolution in terms of power system equipment and control. This implementation of this concept provides a very valuable piece of flexibility: time, which enhances the resilience and stability of a microgrid. However, wider frequency and voltage deviations occur and have to be accepted by all the actors within the microgrid. A validation through computer simulations in Power Factory and real-time hardware in the loop experiments has been carried out with satisfactory results.

LINK FULL THESIS: https://hal.science/tel-03042626v1

Analysis and control of the stability of power systems with a high penetration of renewable energy BY Hung Cuong Nguyen-Pour obtenir le grade de DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES École doctorale : EEATS - Electronique, Electrotechnique, Automatique, Traitement du Signal Spécialité : Génie électrique Unité de recherche : CEA - Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les Nanomatériaux

DOCTEUR DE L’UNIVERSITÉ GRENOBLE ALPES École doctorale : EEATS - Electronique, Electrotechnique, Automatique, Traitement du Signal Spécialité : Génie électrique Unité de recherche : CEA - Laboratoire d'Innovation pour les Technologies des Energies Nouvelles et les Nanomatériaux 

Analyse et contrôle de la stabilité des réseaux électriques à fort taux d'énergie renouvelable. Analysis and control of the stability of power systems with a high penetration of renewable energy. Présentée par : Hung Cuong NGUYEN

ABSTRACT In response to the challenges associated with the use of fossil fuels, there is a global energy transition towards renewable energy sources (RES), such as solar photovoltaic (PV) and wind energy, which offer cleaner and more sustainable alternatives. However, the variable nature of RES energy production, which depends on weather conditions, introduces intermittency and poses challenges for the reliability of power systems. Additionally, RES are typically connected to the grid through power electronic interfaces, which have low inertia compared to synchronous generators (SGs). These characteristics of RES negatively affect grid stability, influencing frequency, voltage, and rotor angle stability.Historically, stability studies focused on rotor angle stability and voltage stability in systems with rotating machines. With the integration of RES and power electronic inverters, and the consequent reduction in conventional synchronous generators, it has become necessary to perform more comprehensive studies, particularly on grids with high levels of RES penetration. Our thesis addresses this issue by using both static and dynamic analyses to assess grid stability, with a particular focus on frequency stability.The contributions of this thesis include the following:• State of the Art on the Impacts of RES on Stability: Analyzing how the lack of inertia and the intermittent nature of RES production lead to instability issues such as frequency, rotor angle, and voltage instability, and studying methods to enhance system stability.• Stability Analysis via Simulation: Using dynamic simulation methods to examine the impact of high RES penetration on overall grid stability, identifying the thresholds of RES integration beyond which grids become unstable.• Stochastic Simulations: Utilizing stochastic simulations to identify extreme scenarios that could lead to instability in power systems integrated with RES after disturbances, due to the intermittent nature of RES production.• Innovative Solutions: Proposing methods to stabilize power systems in critical scenarios, aiming for up to 100% RES integration while maintaining grid reliability. This includes the application of Fault Ride-Through (FRT) requirements and Energy Storage Systems (ESS).• Parameter Optimization: Using particle swarm optimization (PSO) to determine the optimal parameters for ESS controllers and Power System Stabilizers (PSS), thereby improving the quality and resilience of system responses.• Hybrid AC-DC Grids: Investigating the effects of hybrid AC-DC grids integrated with RES and proposing strategies to improve grid stability. This includes using HVDC-VSC technology as a firewall against disturbances and optimizing HVDC-VSC parameters to accommodate higher levels of RES penetration.

ORIGINAL LINK: https://theses.hal.science/tel-04998145v1