Impact of EV Charging Station on the Electric Distribution Grid Thesis Supervisor: Morris Brenna Department of Energy Politecnico di Milano Master thesis of: Dwaramakki Gaurav Harinarayanan Manimaran

Impact of EV Charging Station on the Electric Distribution Grid Thesis Supervisor: Morris Brenna Department of Energy Politecnico di Milano 
Master thesis of: Dwaramakki Gaurav Harinarayanan Manimaran
POLITECNICO DI MILANO School of Industrial and Information Engineering Master of Science in Electrical Engineering

 ABSTRACT
 Over the past few years, Electric vehicles have become a very important part of the automotive industry as we try to look for a future less dependent on fossil fuels. A lot of research and development has taken place in this field to improve the existing technology and to develop efficient ones. This continued emphasis on research and development has resulted in great improvements in the technology of Electric vehicles. In this thesis, we discuss about the features of Electric Vehicles, the existing protocols to charge the battery systems, the battery management system (BMS), the different standards used in various parts of the world and about the infrastructure that is needed to charge the Electric Vehicles and about the different modes of charging. In the next part of the thesis, we have focussed on the Electric Vehicle and its relationship with the Electric Distribution Grid. Aspects related to PHEV characteristics, Load growth, PHEV Penetration level are looked into. The essence of this thesis is to learn about the Impact of the EV Charging Station on the Electric Distribution Grid. Research papers regarding the impact study of EV Charging station on the Milan Electric Distribution network is considered and discussed. Finally, we look at the Optimisation of EV charging stations which helps in the overall efficiency of the charging process and lessens its impact on the Electric Distribution Grid. In this study we discuss about various control strategies of battery management, charging and the control of inverters.
 1. INTRODUCTION The high energy usage, environmental pollution and rising fossil fuel prices, current dependent on Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) technology must be reduced and alternative fuel which has the potential to solve environmental pollution; global warming and energy sustainability concerns must be explored. Taken consideration that electricity is the most suitable energy for transportation in the next 30 years when considering risk, emissions, availability, maintainability, efficiency and reliability [1]. The invention of automobiles with ICE began in the late 19th century and the automotive industry ever since has seen only incremental changes. ICE remains the prime mover for automobiles with fossil fuel as the main fuel. With the increasing concerns over depletion of natural resources (e.g. oil and gas) and air pollution, governments, automakers and consumers worldwide have been working together to adapt a shift to green transportation. This has spurred intense competition and ongoing revolution in the development of electric vehicles (EVs) and hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) are an alternative to the internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles with better efficiency and lower CO2 emissions. Among all EVs and HEVs, electrochemical batteries are core components used for energy storage, similar to the fuel tank in ICE vehicles. Nowadays, EVs represent an interesting solution for the growing dependence from fossil fuels, since they allow a considerable reduction of air pollution. However, the diffusion of EVs is still affected by many issues, which are mainly due to interaction and integration of these types of vehicles with the existing power grid. Moreover, in order to have a wide diffusion on the market of no polluting vehicles, they have to present the characteristics of travel ranges and recharging times comparable to the traditional oil-based fuel vehicles. For these reasons EVs require battery packs characterized by high values of both energy storage capacity and charging rates. From this point of view lithium based batteries represent a very interesting solution, as they are showing a great potential, in recent years, to supply electric vehicles having good performance in terms of acceleration and driving range. Nowadays, new technologies of lithium compounds are available, which permit reaching an specific energy up to 180 Wh/kg and a maximum charging rate of 6 C reducing the charging times up to 10 minutes. Typically, the charging modes at low power are suitable for charging the battery packs during night time of 7-8 hours, ensuring low power requirements for the grid. In fact, recent studies demonstrate that the daily travel range is less than 50 km in 80% of the cases. For this reason such slow recharging would be acceptable for most users ensuring a travel range from 100 to 150 km during the daylight.
LINK FULL THESIS
https://www.politesi.polimi.it/bitstream/10589/120624/1/Thesis_LM.pdf

Three-Phase On-board Charger with Three Modules of Single-stage Interleaved Soft-switching AC-DC Converter Byeongwoo Kim, Hyojun Kim and Sewan Choi Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul, Korea

Three-Phase On-board Charger with Three Modules of Single-stage Interleaved Soft-switching AC-DC Converter 
Byeongwoo Kim, Hyojun Kim and Sewan Choi 
Department of Electrical and Information Engineering Seoul National University of Science and Technology Seoul, Korea

 Abstract— This paper proposes a new three-phase on-board charger with three modules of single-phase single-stage interleaved soft-switching ac-dc converter. Each module has single-stage structure with reduced component counts. It achieves ZVS turn-on of all switches and ZCS turn-off of all diodes. Eliminating the low frequency component in the battery charging current, the proposed converter is able to charge the battery with dc current. A balancing control algorithm is proposed to limit the excessive current through each module caused by unbalanced three-phase input voltage. A preliminary prototype of the proposed converter has been built and tested to verify the validity of the proposed concept. 

Keywords—Three-phase; single-phase module; on-board charger; OBC; EV charger; single-stage; balancing control

I. INTRODUCTION 
The on-board battery charger is a key equipment that delivers power from the grid to the propulsion battery in electric vehicles (EVs) and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs)[1]. Nowadays, the on-board battery charger available on the market is mostly plugged into single phase grid, and the power rating is in the range between 3kW and 3.5kW[2]-[3]. They should have high efficiency and high power density to maximize the energy utilization and the distance covered per charge. However, a 3kW battery charger requires a charging time of 5 to 8 hours to fully charge the EV battery. There has been a need for on-board battery chargers with higher power rating in order to reduce charging time. In regard to these concerns, a three-phase on-board battery charger with increased power rating has emerged [4]-[7]. The three phase battery charger composed of a three-phase PFC and the dc-dc converter has reduced component count, but cannot be plugged into single phase grid with full power capability[4]. The automobile industry is demanding on-board chargers to have capability of operating at full power with both single-phase grid and three-phase grid. This can be achieved by connecting three traditional 3kW single-phase modules in parallel for single-phase grid or connecting them in delta or wye for threephase grid.
LINK FULL PAPER
http://pefcl.snut.ac.kr/upload/study02/963a904e850b90ea083bd24125a5e234.pdf

SEPOC2018-Panel Discussion 02: O Papel dos Institutos Nacionais de C&T no Fomento à P&D e Inovação no Brasil: Oportunidades para a universidade e a indústria-23 de outubro às 15:35 · UFSM

SEPOC 2018 está em UFSM Santa Maria. 23 de outubro às 15:35 · Santa Maria · ATENÇÃO!! Transmissão do segundo painel de discussão ao vivo via plataforma multiweb pelo link: http://farol.ufsm.br/transmissao/sepoc-2018-23102014-1330h 15:30 -
 Panel Discussion 02: 
O Papel dos Institutos Nacionais de C&T no Fomento à P&D e Inovação no Brasil: Oportunidades para a universidade e a indústria.
 SPEAKERS: Prof. Leandro Michels (UFSM), Prof. José Luiz Rezende Pereira (UFJF, INERGE), Prof. Luis Antônio Aguirre (UFMG), Marcelo Cabral Cavalcanti (UFPE, SOBRAEP), Prof. Odir Dellagostin (UFPEL, FAPERGS), Prof. Osvaldo Saavedra (UFMA, SBA).

SEPOC 2018- Plenary Session 3: Wireless Power Transfer Technologies for an Unplugged World-Prof. Jose Marcos Alonso University of Oviedo, Spain

SEPOC2018-11th SEMINAR ON POWER ELECTRONICS AND CONTROL-Plenary Session 2: Dual DC nanogrid with interlink converter-Speaker: Prof. Luiz Lopes Concordia University, Canada

 SEPOC 2018-SANTA MARIA RS BRAZIL 21-24 OCTOBER 2018 Plenary Session 2: Dual DC nanogrid with interlink converter


Abstract:
The concept of nanogrids is suitable for application in net-zero energy homes. These should produce as much energy, ideally from renewables, as they consume. Ideally, they should be grid connected while capable of operating autonomously. Thus, appropriate means for energy storage and management are essential. In this talk, the conventional AC nanogrid is briefly discussed and then DC nanogrids are introduced. The basic characteristics of single-bus DC nanogrids are presented including power electronic interfaces controlled in a decentralized way with a hierarchical structure based on DC bus signaling (DBS). The alternative of a Dual DC bus system with power sources and storage units are employed in both buses is discussed. Bi-directional power flow between buses is achieved by means of an interlink converter. The concept of a protection system based on the coordination of power electronic interfaces and contactors suitable for DC nanogrids is introduced. Speaker: Prof. Luiz Lopes Concordia University, Canada Luiz Lopes obtained his M.A.Sc. degree from UFSC (Brazil) in 1989 and the PhD degree from McGill University (Canada) in 1996. From 1996 to 2001 he was an Associate Professor with UFPA (Brazil). He joined the department of Electrical and Computer Engineering of Concordia University (Canada) in 2002, where he is a Professor. He has been an invited professor at EPFL (Switzerland), Université de Toulouse (France), SUPELEC (France) and UTBM (France). His expertise includes power electronics, renewable energy systems and distributed power generation. He has published more than 140 papers in refereed journals and conference proceedings and trained more than 40 graduate students. His research has been supported by NSERC (Discovery Grant, CRD, Engage), government agencies/laboratories (CanmetENERGY) and industry partners (ALCOA, Geodata, Bombardier, TM4, OPAL-RT, THALES). Dr. Lopes was a technical representative for Canada in Task 11 “PV Hybrid Systems within Mini-grids” of IEA-PVPS and leader of Activity 21 on mini-grid stability. He is a member of the international advisory board of Efficacity, French urban energy transition Institute. Dr. Lopes is a senior member of the IEEE and a member of the Ordre des Ingénieurs du Québec.