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Power Transfer Stability Analysis of Grid Forming Converters SCR에 따른 그리드 포밍 인버터의 전력 전달 안정성 분석 Seong-Jeon Lee ․ Joosik Kwak ․ Gyu-Sub Lee 이성전* ․ 곽주식** ․ 이규섭†
Abstract
With the growth of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS), the number of distributed generators (DGs)
integrated into power systems via voltage source converters (VSCs) has been increasing. VSCs are operated either in grid-following
(GFL) or grid-forming (GFM) control modes. While the GFM mode offers the advantage of not requiring a phase-locked loop (PLL)
for grid synchronization, it exhibits a stability issue when the grid impedance decreases. To analyze the stability concerns of GFM
inverters, a PSCAD simulation-based study was conducted considering the short-circuit ratio (SCR) and the grid impedance X/R ratio
(the ratio of inductive to resistive impedance). The results demonstrate that GFM inverters become more unstable as the SCR
increases and the X/R ratio decreases.
Key Words
Grid forming converter, Short circuit ratio, Stability analysis, Voltage sourced converter, X/R Ratio
† Corresponding Author : Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National
University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea and Seoul National University Electric Power
Research Institute (SEPRI), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
E-mail : lgs1106@snu.ac.kr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-4685
* Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul,
Republic of Korea.
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1996-001X
** Korea Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Republic of Korea.
Received : Oct. 30, 2024 Revised : Apr. 29, 2025 Accepted : Aug. 14, 2025
Copyright ⓒ The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted
non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
ISSN 1975-8359 [Print] / ISSN 2287-4364 [Online]
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