인버터 주도 계통 안정도의 그리드 포밍 제어 영향 연구 = A study on the influence of grid forming control on inverter-driven grid stability

 

인버터 주도 계통 안정도의 그리드 포밍 제어 영향 연구 = A study on the influence of grid forming control on inverter-driven grid stability GwangwoonUniversity GraduateSchoolof ElectricalEngineering KimDongWhi

ABSTRACT Recently, as new and renewable power sources penetrate into the system, an increase in IBR (Inverter Based Resource) and a decrease in synchronous generators are occurring. In this paper, the system operation using GFM (Grid Forming) was studied as a solution. The comparison study has been performed with the existing GFL (Grid Following) and synchronous generator in terms of the reduction in system inertia and robustness in the grid. This paper proposes a method for calculating the optimal capacity of GFM to ensure system stability and apply the novel IBR protection system (FRT, Black Start). In the case of GFM optimal capacity calculation, a renewable power source system network is modeled and various (load fluctuations, ground faults, generator trip) simulations are conducted with the existing synchronous generator, GFL, and GFM for the power system stability analysis. The formulation was performed by measuring Nadir with Monte-Carlo simulation results using the system inertia, GFL & GFM ratio, and renewable energy penetration rate as parameters. With the result, it was possible to know frequency nadir and the optimal GFM capacity required depending on system situation. The fault current limiter proposed has been verified its performance on the grid-connected photovoltaic IBR system. In addition, a stand-alone black start of GFM was proposed and the contribution of stable recovery through synchronization control was confirmed.

ORIGINAL LINK : https://www.riss.kr/search/detail/DetailView.do?p_mat_type=be54d9b8bc7cdb09&control_no=b0edd4d81bb1ee59ffe0bdc3ef48d419&keyword=inverter%20grid%20forming

Development and Application of a Resilience-Based Index for Stability Assessment of Grid Integrated with Grid-Forming Inverters Lee Su-Ho Departmen of Electric and Electrical Engineering Graduate School Keimyung University

 

Development and Application of a Resilience-Based Index for Stability Assessment of Grid Integrated with Grid-Forming Inverters Lee Su-Ho Departmen of Electric and Electrical Engineering Graduate School Keimyung University (Supervised by Professor Park Young-Su) 

ABSTRACT 

This research focuses on analyzing the impact of Grid-Forming inverters in modern power systems with a growing share of renewable energy and develops a Frequency Stability Composite Index (FSCI) for evaluating their effectiveness particularly within the Jeju power grid. As Jeju Island progresses toward its "Carbon Free Island 2030" initiative incorporating Grid-Forming inverters has become essential to address the limitations of existing Grid-Following inverters in low-inertia systems. The study includes simulations based on the IEEE-9 bus test system and the Jeju grid exploring various disturbance scenarios to assess the contribution of Grid-Forming inverters. The evaluation spans scenarios with renewable energy penetration levels of 30% 50% 70% and 100%.

Furthermore the FSCI methodology is applied to quantitatively measure the dynamic frequency and voltage recovery characteristics providing insights into strategies for enhancing grid stability in high-renewable contexts.

Full Thesis translated from the original Korean language to English :

https://www.mediafire.com/file/ntj1bpziplb37cj/EvaluationoftheGridformingInverterinterconnectedsystemstability.pdf/file 

Understanding the insertion loss of filters in power electronics applications By Min Zhang, Founder and Principal EMC Consultant, Mach One Design

 

Étude de topologies de convertisseurs pour l'interconnexion d'un système d'électrification ferroviaire à courant continu moyenne tension et du réseau public de transport d'électricité- Luc Bimmel -Thèse présentée et soutenue, le 20 février 2026 par Luc BIMMEL

 

Étude de topologies de convertisseurs pour l'interconnexion d'un système d'électrification ferroviaire à courant continu moyenne tension et du réseau public de transport d'électricité- Luc Bimmel 

-Thèse présentée et soutenue, le 20 février 2026 par Luc BIMMEL École doctorale GEETS - Génie Electrique Electronique,Télécommunications et Santé : du système au nanosystème Spécialité Génie Electrique Unité de recherche LAPLACE - Laboratoire PLAsma et Conversion d'Énergie 

RESUME 

En France, 28 % des émissions de gaz à effet de serre proviennent du transport des personnes. A titre de comparaison, les émissions du transport ferroviaire par passager-kilomètre représentent en moyenne un cinquantième de celles du transport aérien. L’accroissement du trafic ferroviaire est donc le meilleur moyen de réduire les déplacements en avion sur les courtes et moyennes distances. Aujourd’hui, les lignes électrifiées en courant continu sont pénalisées par leur niveau de tension relativement bas, 1,5 kV ou 3 kV selon les pays. Pour des niveaux de puissance de quelques MW, les courants absorbés par les trains sont de plusieurs kA. Des travaux antérieurs ont conduit à proposer un renforcement du système d’électrification existant par des transformateurs électroniques alimentés par un feeder MVDC déployé le long de la ligne ferroviaire. Une partie de l’énergie électrique destinée à l’alimentation des trains transite alors par le feeder MVDC et permet de diminuer le courant dans la caténaire et de réduire ainsi les pertes. Le projet RACCOR-D (Réseau ferroviaire À Courant COntinu intelligent pour le veRdissement De l’énergie électrique) dans lequel s’est positionné ce travail de thèse a été financé dans le cadre du programme France 2030. Celui-ci repose sur l’utilisation du feeder MVDC pour interconnecter des sources d’énergie renouvelable et des systèmes de stockage d’énergie électrique avec le système d’électrification ferroviaire. Lors des périodes de faible trafic, ce « smart-grid ferroviaire » peut alors fournir de la puissance au réseau public de transport d’électricité à condition que les sous-stations d’alimentation du feeder MVDC soient équipées de convertisseurs réversibles. Le premier chapitre de cette thèse présente le principe de l’électrification ferroviaire et détaille les différents systèmes utilisés en Europe. Une attention particulière est portée sur l’élévation de la tension DC. Par la suite, le principe des sous-stations réversibles est introduit. Le deuxième chapitre présente une comparaison entre différentes topologies d’onduleurs trois niveaux susceptibles de réaliser la sous-station réversible alimentant le feeder MVDC. Compte du niveau de tension souhaité, entre 6 kV et 9 kV, une association série de deux onduleurs à IGBT est retenue. Une étude analytique portant sur le calcul des pertes est effectuée pour les topologies ANPC (Active Neutral Point Clamped) et FC (Flying Capacitor). Les limites de fonctionnement des onduleurs sont alors calculées et comparées. Les différents résultats amènent à retenir la topologie FC. Le troisième chapitre est consacré au fonctionnement de la sous-station réversible qui sera basée sur une association de redresseurs à diodes et d’onduleurs de tension FC. Une analyse du comportement dynamique de la sous-station est effectuée.

ORIGINAL LINK: https://hal.science/tel-05605028v1 

LINK THESIS : https://theses.hal.science/tel-05605028v1/file/BIMMEL_Luc.pdf 

【ESSERC 2025】Projeto Detalhado de Chips de Gerenciamento de Energia: LDO/Buck/Híbrido (Prof. Bernhard Wicht) [Legendas em Chinês e Inglês]

 

Electrical Circuit Analysis Por Uday A. Bakshi, Late Ajay V. Bakshi

 

Лекции по теории цепей-Lectures on Circuit Theory-Год издания: 1991 Автор: С. И. Баскаков Жанр или тематика: Электротехника-Year of publication: 1991 Author: S.I. Baskakov Genre or subject: Electrical engineering

 Lectures on Circuit Theory 30285K (download pdf) 1991 edition (follow) Added: 10.03.2024 Cover image Abstract 

Year of publication: 1991

 Author: S.I. Baskakov 

Genre or subject: Electrical engineering Publisher: Moscow Power Engineering Institute Publishing House ISBN: 978-5-7046-0027-1

 Language: Russian

 Format: PDF

 Description: A systematic presentation of the course material "Fundamentals" "Circuit Theory" in accordance with the modern university curriculum. Methods for analyzing stationary harmonic modes of linear circuits, the theory of four-terminal networks, the characteristics of frequency-selective circuits and filters, and the fundamentals of nonlinear circuit theory are discussed. Methods for determining the response of a linear circuit to pulsed influences are examined in detail. The theory of circuits with distributed parameters is presented. Methods for synthesizing linear two-terminal networks are discussed. A separate chapter is devoted to the use of computers for calculating complex circuits. For students majoring in radio engineering at universities.

ORIGINAL LINK: http://flibusta.site/b/775497/download 

ALTERNATIVE LINK 1:https://www.mediafire.com/file/xe0kppe8zhtu4g9/Baskakov.pdf/file 

ALTERNATIVE LINK 2:https://mega.nz/file/MQ1E2Cga#ZGURJ0wtbOm3inwijscEdhvyHprUlWclIDxNNvBuW-w 

A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to DC-DC Power Electronic Converter Control with Practical Considerations-Nafiseh Mazaheri * , Daniel Santamargarita , Emilio Bueno , Daniel Pizarro and Santiago Cobrece

A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach to DC-DC Power Electronic Converter Control with Practical Considerations Nafiseh Mazaheri * , Daniel Santamargarita , Emilio Bueno , Daniel Pizarro and Santiago Cobreces Department of Electronics, Alcalá University (UAH), Plaza San Diego S/N, 28801 Madrid, Spain

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a growing interest in using model-free deep reinforcement learning (DRL)-based controllers as an alternative approach to improve the dynamic behavior, efficiency, and other aspects of DC–DC power electronic converters, which are traditionally controlled based on small signal models. These conventional controllers often fail to self-adapt to various uncertainties and disturbances. This paper presents a design methodology using proximal policy optimization (PPO), a widely recognized and efficient DRL algorithm, to make near-optimal decisions for real buck converters operating in both continuous conduction mode (CCM) and discontinuous conduction mode (DCM) while handling resistive and inductive loads. Challenges associated with delays in real-time systems are identified. Key innovations include a chattering-reduction reward function, engineering of input features, and optimization of neural network architecture, which improve voltage regulation, ensure smoother operation, and optimize the computational cost of the neural network. The experimental and simulation results demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of the controller in real scenarios. The findings are believed to make significant contributions to the application of DRL controllers in real-time scenarios, providing guidelines and a starting point for designing controllers using the same method in this or other power electronic converter topologies. 

ORIGINAL LINK: https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/14/3578 

NORMAS INTERNACIONAIS E NACIONAIS ESPECIFICAS QUE DEVEM TER OS UPS ONLINE PARA APLICAÇOES EM HOSPITAIS E EM SALAS DE CIRURGIA E TI

 

VER O ARTIGO COMPLETO:

 https://www.mediafire.com/file/0j0pag27e3amie8/NORMAS+INTERNACIONAIS+E+NACIONAIS+ESPECIFICAS+QUE+DEVEM+TER+OS+UPS+ONLINE+PARA+APLICAÇOES+EM+HOSPITAIS+E+EM+SALAS+DE+CIRURGIA+E+TI.pdf/file

Inertia Supervision for BESS Grid-forming Inverter TESI DI LAUREA MAGISTRALE IN Electrical ENGINEERING INGEGNERIA Elettrica Author: Seifeldin Nafea-POLITECNICO MILANO

Inertia Supervision for BESS Grid-forming Inverter TESI DI LAUREA MAGISTRALE IN Electrical ENGINEERING INGEGNERIA Elettrica Author: Seifeldin Nafea 

 Introduction 

 In recent years, the renewable energy generation started to rise dramatically for most countries. In Europe, following the introduction of the renewable energy directive 2009/28/EC, the region increased the share of renewable energies in energy consumption to 20% by 2020, according to Eurostat [1]. Out of such energy consumption, 23% was consumed by the electricity sector as the second highest source of energy consumption [1]. Nevertheless, renewable energy generation is expected to continue rising in the coming years as part of the decarbonization plan. The directive EU/2018/2001 has set the renewable energy target to reach 32% by the year 2030 [2]. Subsequently, a provisional agreement was accepted to raise that target to at least 42.5%, with an aim for 45% [2]. The Continuous rise of renewable generation in the electricity sector can cause some problems for the grid, which need to be addressed. In traditional power systems, the synchronous generator is the main source offering support to the grid through its kinetic energy and governor control. The synchronous machine has the capability to participate in the primary frequency control using the governor speed control mechanism and dampen the system dynamics through its inertia. However, the power converters connecting renewables with the grid do not possess such capabilities. In fact, their control structure is more focused on extracting the maximum power from the renewable source. With the growth of renewable energy sources, the use of synchronous machines is expected to decline, hence decreasing the system inertia and support [3]. Remarkable efforts are focused on developing a control approach that allows power converters to mimic the behavior of a synchronous machine. A captivating control family has emerged, called ‘Grid-forming Inverters,’ allowing the inverters to provide some of the synchronous machine functionalities like primary frequency control, oscillation damping, and contributing to system inertia. This control methodology is best suited to be implemented with batteries. The high ramp rate along with power and energy characteristics of batteries ensures compliance with the control output power signals. The grid-forming presents multiple control approaches [10], with the utmost attention focused on the so called “Virtual Synchronous Machine”. It directs the power converters to act in a similar manner to a synchronous generator, thus providing all its functions mentioned above.

FULL THESIS: https://www.politesi.polimi.it/retrieve/ba4f7e7c-20a1-4e1f-8f4b-e57e7549afc7/Inertia%20Supervision%20for%20BESS%20Grid%20Forming%20Inverter.pdf