A Controller Design for a Stability Improvement of an On-Board
Battery Charger
Hae-Gwang Jeong* and Kyo-Beum Lee†
Corresponding Author: Department of Electrical and Computer
Engineering, Ajou University, Suwon, Korea. (kyl@ajou.ac.kr)
* Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Ajou University,
Suwon, Korea. (lite88@ajou.ac.kr)
Received: May 27, 2013; Accepted: June 7, 2013
Abstract – This paper proposes the controller design for a stability improvement of an on-board
battery charger. The system is comprised of a power factor correction (PFC) circuit and phase shift
full-bridge DC-DC converter. The PFC circuit performs the control of the DC-link voltage and the
input power factor. The DC-DC converter regulates the voltage and the current in the battery using the
DC-link voltage. This paper proposes the design method of PI controller for the PFC circuit using a
small signal model. The analysis and design of a type-three controller for the DC-DC converter is also
presented. A simulation and experiment has been performed on the on-board battery charger and their
results are presented to verify the validity of the proposed system.
DOWNLOAD
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1EEFQ_2013_v8n4_951
https://www.mediafire.com/?b466cwi2g7t404z
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segunda-feira, 16 de dezembro de 2013
A Three-Phase High Frequency Semi-Controlled Battery Charging Power Converter for Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
A Three-Phase High Frequency Semi-Controlled
Battery Charging Power Converter for Plug-In
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Mahmoud M. Amin and Osama A. Mohammed†
† Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Florida International University, Florida, United States
Abstract
This paper presents a novel analysis, design, and implementation of a battery charging three-phase high frequency semicontrolled
power converter feasible for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The main advantages of the proposed topology include
high efficiency; due to lower power losses and reduced number of switching elements, high output power density realization, and
reduced passive component ratings proportionally to the frequency. Additional advantages also include grid economic utilization
by insuring unity power factor operation under different possible conditions and robustness since short-circuit through a leg is not
possible. A high but acceptable total harmonic distortion of the generator currents is introduced in the proposed topology which
can be viewed as a minor disadvantage when compared to traditional boost rectifiers. A hysteresis control algorithm is proposed
to achieve lower current harmonic distortion for the rectifier operation. The rectifier topology concept, the principle of operation,
and control scheme are presented. Additionally, a dc-dc converter is also employed in the rectifier-battery connection. Test results
on 50-kHz power converter system are presented and discussed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topology for PHEV
applications.
LINK DOWNLOAD
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1PWAX_2011_v11n4_490
Battery Charging Power Converter for Plug-In
Hybrid Electric Vehicles
Mahmoud M. Amin and Osama A. Mohammed†
† Dept. of Electrical and Computer Eng., Florida International University, Florida, United States
Abstract
This paper presents a novel analysis, design, and implementation of a battery charging three-phase high frequency semicontrolled
power converter feasible for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles. The main advantages of the proposed topology include
high efficiency; due to lower power losses and reduced number of switching elements, high output power density realization, and
reduced passive component ratings proportionally to the frequency. Additional advantages also include grid economic utilization
by insuring unity power factor operation under different possible conditions and robustness since short-circuit through a leg is not
possible. A high but acceptable total harmonic distortion of the generator currents is introduced in the proposed topology which
can be viewed as a minor disadvantage when compared to traditional boost rectifiers. A hysteresis control algorithm is proposed
to achieve lower current harmonic distortion for the rectifier operation. The rectifier topology concept, the principle of operation,
and control scheme are presented. Additionally, a dc-dc converter is also employed in the rectifier-battery connection. Test results
on 50-kHz power converter system are presented and discussed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed topology for PHEV
applications.
LINK DOWNLOAD
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1PWAX_2011_v11n4_490
A Study on the Hot Spot Temperature in 154kV Power Transformers Dong-Jin Kweon†, Kyo-Sun Koo*, Jung-Wook Woo* and Joo-Sik Kwak*
A Study on the Hot Spot Temperature in 154kV Power Transformers
Dong-Jin Kweon†, Kyo-Sun Koo*, Jung-Wook Woo* and Joo-Sik Kwak*
Abstract – The life of a power transformer is dependent on the life of the cellulose paper, which
influenced by the hot spot temperature. Thus, the determination of the cellulose paper’s life requires
identifying the hot spot temperature of the transformer. Currently, however, the power transformer
uses a heat run test is used in the factory test to measure top liquid temperature rise and average
winding temperature rise, which is specified in its specification. The hot spot temperature is calculated
by the winding resistance detected during the heat run test. This paper measures the hot spot
temperature in the single-phase, 154kV, 15/20MVA power transformer by the optical fiber sensors and
compares the value with the hot spot temperature calculated by the conventional heat run test in the
factory test. To measure the hot spot temperature, ten optical fiber sensors were installed on both the
high and low voltage winding; and the temperature distribution during the heat run test, three
thermocouples were installed. The hot spot temperature shown in the heat run test was 92.6℃ on the
low voltage winding. However, the hot spot temperature as measured by the optical fiber sensor
appeared between turn 2 and turn 3 on the upper side of the low voltage winding, recording 105.9℃.
The hot spot temperature of the low voltage winding as measured by the optical fiber sensor was 13.3℃
higher than the hot spot temperature calculated by the heat run test. Therefore, the hot spot factor (H)
in IEC 60076-2 appeared to be 2.0.
LINKS DOWNLOAD
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1EEFQ_2012_v7n3_312
https://www.mediafire.com/?skoajdlchdtoj0c
Dong-Jin Kweon†, Kyo-Sun Koo*, Jung-Wook Woo* and Joo-Sik Kwak*
Abstract – The life of a power transformer is dependent on the life of the cellulose paper, which
influenced by the hot spot temperature. Thus, the determination of the cellulose paper’s life requires
identifying the hot spot temperature of the transformer. Currently, however, the power transformer
uses a heat run test is used in the factory test to measure top liquid temperature rise and average
winding temperature rise, which is specified in its specification. The hot spot temperature is calculated
by the winding resistance detected during the heat run test. This paper measures the hot spot
temperature in the single-phase, 154kV, 15/20MVA power transformer by the optical fiber sensors and
compares the value with the hot spot temperature calculated by the conventional heat run test in the
factory test. To measure the hot spot temperature, ten optical fiber sensors were installed on both the
high and low voltage winding; and the temperature distribution during the heat run test, three
thermocouples were installed. The hot spot temperature shown in the heat run test was 92.6℃ on the
low voltage winding. However, the hot spot temperature as measured by the optical fiber sensor
appeared between turn 2 and turn 3 on the upper side of the low voltage winding, recording 105.9℃.
The hot spot temperature of the low voltage winding as measured by the optical fiber sensor was 13.3℃
higher than the hot spot temperature calculated by the heat run test. Therefore, the hot spot factor (H)
in IEC 60076-2 appeared to be 2.0.
LINKS DOWNLOAD
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1EEFQ_2012_v7n3_312
https://www.mediafire.com/?skoajdlchdtoj0c
Implementation of a High Efficiency Grid-Tied Multi-Level Photovoltaic Power Conditioning System Using Phase Shifted H-Bridge Modules
Implementation of a High Efficiency Grid-Tied
Multi-Level Photovoltaic Power Conditioning
System Using Phase Shifted H-Bridge Modules
Jong-Pil Lee†, Byung-Duk Min**, and Dong-Wook Yoo*
†*Power Conversion Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Korea
**Green Power Co. Ltd, Suwon, Korea
Abstract
This paper proposes a high efficiency three-phase cascaded phase shifted H-bridge multi-level inverter without DC/DC
converters for grid-tied multi string photovoltaic (PV) applications. The cascaded H-bridge topology is suitable for PV
applications since each PV module can act as a separate DC source for each cascaded H-bridge module. The proposed phase
shifted H-bridge multi-level topology offers advantages such as operation at a lower switching frequency and a lower current
ripple when compared to conventional two level topologies. It is also shown that low ripple sinusoidal current waveforms are
generated with a unity power factor. The control algorithm permits the independent control of each DC link voltage with a
maximum power point for each string of PV modules. The use of the controller area network (CAN) communication protocol for
H-bridge multi-level inverters, along with localized PWM generation and PV voltage regulation are implemented. It is also
shown that the expansion and modularization capabilities of the H-bridge modules are improved since the individual inverter
modules operate more independently. The proposed topology is implemented for a three phase 240kW multi-level PV power
conditioning system (PCS) which has 40kW H-bridge modules. The experimental results show that the proposed topology has good performance.
LINKS DOWNLOAD
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1PWAX_2013_v13n2_296
Multi-Level Photovoltaic Power Conditioning
System Using Phase Shifted H-Bridge Modules
Jong-Pil Lee†, Byung-Duk Min**, and Dong-Wook Yoo*
†*Power Conversion Research Center, Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute, Changwon, Korea
**Green Power Co. Ltd, Suwon, Korea
Abstract
This paper proposes a high efficiency three-phase cascaded phase shifted H-bridge multi-level inverter without DC/DC
converters for grid-tied multi string photovoltaic (PV) applications. The cascaded H-bridge topology is suitable for PV
applications since each PV module can act as a separate DC source for each cascaded H-bridge module. The proposed phase
shifted H-bridge multi-level topology offers advantages such as operation at a lower switching frequency and a lower current
ripple when compared to conventional two level topologies. It is also shown that low ripple sinusoidal current waveforms are
generated with a unity power factor. The control algorithm permits the independent control of each DC link voltage with a
maximum power point for each string of PV modules. The use of the controller area network (CAN) communication protocol for
H-bridge multi-level inverters, along with localized PWM generation and PV voltage regulation are implemented. It is also
shown that the expansion and modularization capabilities of the H-bridge modules are improved since the individual inverter
modules operate more independently. The proposed topology is implemented for a three phase 240kW multi-level PV power
conditioning system (PCS) which has 40kW H-bridge modules. The experimental results show that the proposed topology has good performance.
LINKS DOWNLOAD
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1PWAX_2013_v13n2_296
domingo, 15 de dezembro de 2013
Transformerless three-phase on-line UPS with high performance
Transformerless three-phase on-line UPS with
high performance
E.-H. Kim J.-M. Kwon B.-H. Kwon
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Tech, Republic of Korea
E-mail: znight@postech.ac.kr
Abstract: A transformerless three-phase on-line uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is proposed. The proposed
UPS is composed of a rectifier, an inverter and a battery charger/discharger. The rectifier regulates a DC-link
voltage and performs power factor correction. On the other hand, the inverter provides a regulated sinusoidal
output voltage and has the current-limiting capability for an impulsive load. The battery charger/discharger
reduces the number of battery and supplies the power demanded by the load in the event of the input
power failure or abrupt decrease of the input voltage. Since both neutral lines of the input and output
voltages are connected at the centre of the DC-link, the need for an isolation transformer is eliminated and
the size, weight and cost of the system are significantly reduced. Additionally, new control algorithms of the rectifier, the charger/discharger and the inverter are proposed.
LINK
http://www.mediafire.com/view/7yl5uqoj5e3eq4s/TRANSFORMERLESS-UPS.pdf
high performance
E.-H. Kim J.-M. Kwon B.-H. Kwon
Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Tech, Republic of Korea
E-mail: znight@postech.ac.kr
Abstract: A transformerless three-phase on-line uninterruptible power supply (UPS) is proposed. The proposed
UPS is composed of a rectifier, an inverter and a battery charger/discharger. The rectifier regulates a DC-link
voltage and performs power factor correction. On the other hand, the inverter provides a regulated sinusoidal
output voltage and has the current-limiting capability for an impulsive load. The battery charger/discharger
reduces the number of battery and supplies the power demanded by the load in the event of the input
power failure or abrupt decrease of the input voltage. Since both neutral lines of the input and output
voltages are connected at the centre of the DC-link, the need for an isolation transformer is eliminated and
the size, weight and cost of the system are significantly reduced. Additionally, new control algorithms of the rectifier, the charger/discharger and the inverter are proposed.
LINK
http://www.mediafire.com/view/7yl5uqoj5e3eq4s/TRANSFORMERLESS-UPS.pdf
Novel Two-Stage High-Power-Factor Electronic Ballast CHUN YUAN CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY
Abstract
In this thesis, electronic ballast with power factor correction for high intensity discharging (HID) lamp is presented. The proposed topology is a two-stages circuit that requires only one switch and one inductor for each stage. Power factor correction (PFC) stage is boost dc-to-dc converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) to achieve low total harmonic distortion (THD) and proper output characteristics over a wide range of load (10% ~ 90% full load).
This control implementation for against broken lamp can be easily implemented with the proposed circuitry. The high-frequency supply the lamp is given by the flyback converter. Input AC voltages ranges from 90V~260V are allowable for our system with a low DC bus voltage below 450V. It is suitable for electronic ballast with medium power HID lamp. The topologies could work under the circumstance of two 250W fluorescent lamps at 66 KHz switching frequency.
LINK
https://www.mediafire.com/?bc4y0332flfxltc
In this thesis, electronic ballast with power factor correction for high intensity discharging (HID) lamp is presented. The proposed topology is a two-stages circuit that requires only one switch and one inductor for each stage. Power factor correction (PFC) stage is boost dc-to-dc converter operating in continuous conduction mode (CCM) to achieve low total harmonic distortion (THD) and proper output characteristics over a wide range of load (10% ~ 90% full load).
This control implementation for against broken lamp can be easily implemented with the proposed circuitry. The high-frequency supply the lamp is given by the flyback converter. Input AC voltages ranges from 90V~260V are allowable for our system with a low DC bus voltage below 450V. It is suitable for electronic ballast with medium power HID lamp. The topologies could work under the circumstance of two 250W fluorescent lamps at 66 KHz switching frequency.
LINK
https://www.mediafire.com/?bc4y0332flfxltc
A STUDY OF CHARGING EQUALIZATION AND DISCHARGING POWER MANAGEMENT FOR SERIES AND PARALLEL CONNECTED BATTERY PACK
A STUDY OF CHARGING EQUALIZATION
AND DISCHARGING POWER MANAGEMENT FOR SERIES AND
PARALLEL CONNECTED BATTERY PACK
研 究 生: 蔡志明 Jr-Ming Tsai
指導教授: 李清元教授 Prof. Ching-Yuan Lee
Master Thesis Department of Electrical Engineering Tatung University
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
The object of this paper is to research the methodology of charging equalization and
discharging power management of the series and paralleled connected battery sets under the
considerations of the safety, economics and practicality to improve the overall battery sets
efficiency. The battery management system used the isolation method to ensure the charging
equalization of batteries; and to protect from the abnormal situation during discharging of the
series-connected battery sets. As for the parallel-connected battery sets, this paper proposes
a multi-mode chopper. It will enable to control and distribute the output current from each
battery.
The serial and parallel connection scheme uses two batteries as the smallest unit. The number of batteries may be expanded at will. The system performs the charging and discharging tests of the serial and parallel connected GS LC18650 1800mAh lithium battery sets. Finally, a single-chip microprocessor, PIC16F877 is use to implement the control method of the proposed system. Via the experimentation, it proofs that the methods can performs its feasibility and good characteristics as anticipated.
LINK FULL THESIS
https://www.mediafire.com/?rhvvhjqnr3io4ug
AND DISCHARGING POWER MANAGEMENT FOR SERIES AND
PARALLEL CONNECTED BATTERY PACK
研 究 生: 蔡志明 Jr-Ming Tsai
指導教授: 李清元教授 Prof. Ching-Yuan Lee
Master Thesis Department of Electrical Engineering Tatung University
ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT
The object of this paper is to research the methodology of charging equalization and
discharging power management of the series and paralleled connected battery sets under the
considerations of the safety, economics and practicality to improve the overall battery sets
efficiency. The battery management system used the isolation method to ensure the charging
equalization of batteries; and to protect from the abnormal situation during discharging of the
series-connected battery sets. As for the parallel-connected battery sets, this paper proposes
a multi-mode chopper. It will enable to control and distribute the output current from each
battery.
The serial and parallel connection scheme uses two batteries as the smallest unit. The number of batteries may be expanded at will. The system performs the charging and discharging tests of the serial and parallel connected GS LC18650 1800mAh lithium battery sets. Finally, a single-chip microprocessor, PIC16F877 is use to implement the control method of the proposed system. Via the experimentation, it proofs that the methods can performs its feasibility and good characteristics as anticipated.
LINK FULL THESIS
https://www.mediafire.com/?rhvvhjqnr3io4ug
sexta-feira, 13 de dezembro de 2013
domingo, 8 de dezembro de 2013
segunda-feira, 2 de dezembro de 2013
domingo, 1 de dezembro de 2013
AVALIAÇÃO DAS INSTALAÇÕES ELÉTRICAS DE CENTRO CIRÚRGICO. ESTUDO DE CASO: HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO DA UFMS.
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE MATO GROSSO DO SUL
PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM ENGENHARIA
ELÉTRICA
AVALIAÇÃO DAS INSTALAÇÕES ELÉTRICAS DE
CENTRO CIRÚRGICO.
ESTUDO DE CASO: HOSPITAL UNIVERSITÁRIO
DA UFMS.
Dissertação submetida à
Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul
como parte dos requisitos para a
obtenção do grau de Mestre em Engenharia Elétrica
JOÃO CESAR OKUMOTO
LINK
http://repositorio.cbc.ufms.br:8080/jspui/bitstream/123456789/646/1/João Cesar Okumoto.pdf
quinta-feira, 28 de novembro de 2013
quarta-feira, 27 de novembro de 2013
domingo, 24 de novembro de 2013
ATERRAMENTO ELÉTRICO
PAGINA WEB ORIGINAL
http://dicasdesomeluz.blogspot.com.br/2012/08/aterramento-eletrico-como-funciona-e.html
http://dicasdesomeluz.blogspot.com.br/2012/08/aterramento-eletrico-como-funciona-e.html
ATERRAMENTO
ELÉTRICO
01 - Mas o que é o “terra”?
02 - Qual a diferença entre terra, neutro, e massa(Carcaça do Equipamento)?
03 - Quais são as normas que devo seguir para garantir um bom aterramento?
Bem, esses são os
tópicos que este artigo tentará esclarecer. É fato que o assunto
"aterramento" é bastante vasto e complexo, porém, aqui vai algumas normas
e regras básicas.
Mas o que é o “terra”?
O aterramento
elétrico (‘’Terra’’) tem três funções principais:
A – Proteger o usuário do equipamento das
descargas atmosféricas, através da viabilização (qualidade) de um caminho
alternativo para a terra, de descargas atmosféricas.
B – “Descarregar” cargas
estáticas acumuladas nas carcaças das máquinas ou equipamentos para a terra.
C – Facilitar o funcionamento dos
dispositivos de proteção (fusíveis, disjuntores, etc.), através da corrente
desviada para a terra.
Veremos, mais adiante, que existem várias outras funções para o
aterramento elétrico, até mesmo para eliminação de EMI (interferências eletromagnéticas), porém essas três acima são
as mais fundamentais.
Qual a
diferença entre terra, neutro, e massa?
Antes de falarmos sobre os tipos de aterramento, devemos esclarecer (de
uma vez por todas !) o que é terra, neutro, e massa.
Na figura 1 temos um exemplo da ligação de um PC à rede elétrica, que
possui três fases , e um neutro.
Essa alimentação é fornecida pela concessionária de energia elétrica,
que somente liga a caixa de entrada ao poste externo se houver uma haste de aterramento padrão dentro
do ambiente do usuário.
Além disso, a concessionária também exige dois disjuntores de proteção.
Teoricamente, o terminal neutro da concessionária deve ter potencial
igual a zero volt. Porém, devido ao desbalanceamento nas fases do transformador
de distribuição, é comum esse terminal (Neutro) tender a assumir potenciais
diferentes de zero. O desbalanceamento de fases ocorre quando temos por exemplo
o som bifásico (2 fases) ou monofásico (1 fase e Neutro) e as luzes trifásicas,
ligadas em um mesmo link (transformador) .
Obs
: Você pode ver se todo seu sistema esta desbalanceado ou não com um alicate amperímetro , medindo fase por
fase .
Outro exemplo é um transformador que alimenta, em um setor seu, uma
residência comum (fase 1) , e no
outro setor, um pequeno supermercado (fase
2) . Essa diferença de demanda, em um mesmo link (transformador) , pode
fazer com que o neutro varie seu potencial (flutue) .
Para evitar que esse potencial “flutue”, ligamos (logo na entrada) o fio
neutro a uma haste de terra. Sendo assim, qualquer potencial que tender a
aparecer será escoado para a terra.
Ainda analisando a figura 1 , vemos que
o PC está ligado em uma fase e o neutro.
Mas, ao mesmo tempo, ligamos sua carcaça (terra) através de outro
condutor (fio) na mesma haste, e damos o nome desse condutor de “terra” (fio
terra) .
LEIA O ARTIGO COMPLETO EM
sexta-feira, 22 de novembro de 2013
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