A MODULAR ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR SMALL SPACECRAFT Timothy M. Lim University of Kentucky,

A MODULAR ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR SMALL SPACECRAFT thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Electrical Engineering in the College of Engineering at the University of Kentucky By Timothy Meng Lim Lexington, Kentucky 
 ABSTRACT OF THESIS A MODULAR ELECTRICAL POWER SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE FOR SMALL SPACECRAFT 
Small satellites and CubeSats have established themselves within the aerospace community because of their low cost and high return on investment. Many CubeSats are developed in a short time frame and often leverage commercial off the shelf components for quick turnaround missions. With regard to the Electrical Power System, commercially available products typically use a centralized architecture. However, a centralized architecture is not reusable, since missions that require additional solar arrays or batteries would necessitate a redesign of the power system. With the range of CubeSat sizes and mission goals, it is obvious that a one-size-fits-all solution is not appropriate. This thesis details a reusable and scalable power system architecture applicable to a variety of missions. Reusability is achieved by using common building blocks or "modules," where the same modules can be used between missions. Scalability is achieved by not limiting the number of modules that can be connected together—more modules can be added as needed. In this system, solar arrays and battery units connect directly to a common bus, supplying an unregulated voltage to each subsystem. These subsystems then regulate the bus voltage to their individual needs. The power system also features direct energy transfer and solar-only operation.
LINK ORIGINAL WEB
http://uknowledge.uky.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1096&context=ece_etds

Study on the Thermal Design of Nuclear Battery for Lunar Mission-한국형 달 탐사용 원자력전지의 열제어 구Jintae Hong1, , Kwang-Jae Son1, Jong-Bum Kim1

ABSTRACT
For a stable electric power supply in the space, nuclear batteries have been used as the main power source in a spacecraft owing to their long lifetime and high reliability. In accordance with the plan for lunar mission in Korea, nuclear batteries will supply electricity to the rover that needs to be developed. According to the information about the estimated payload, Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute started with the conceptual design based on the previous studies in USA and Russia. Because a nuclear battery converts the decay heat of the radioisotope into electricity, thermal design, radiation shield, and shock protection need to be considered. In this study, two types of nuclear batteries, radial type and axial type, were designed according to the alignment of the thermoelectric module. Heat transfer analyses were performed to compare their thermoelectric efficiency, and test mockups were fabricated to evaluate their performances.

LINK
http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/kspe/JMGHBV/2016/v33n4/JMGHBV_2016_v33n4_271.pdf

The Study of Ripple Reduction of the PFC CCM Flyback Converter without Electrolytic Capacitor for LED Lightings using LC Resonant Filter-(Choon-Tack KIm․Young-Seok Kim)- LC 공진 필터를 이용한 전해 커패시터 없는 LED 구동용 PFC CCM 플라이백 컨버터의 출력 전류 리플 저감에 관한 연구

Abstract - The light-emitting diode (LED) has been used in a variety of industrial fields and for general 0lighting purposes on account of its high efficiency, low power consumption and long lifespan. The LED is driven by direct current; therefore, an AC/DC converter is typically required for its use. An electrolytic capacitor is generally used for stabilizing DC voltage during use of the AC/DC converter. However, this capacitor has a short lifespan, which makes it a limiting factor in LED lighting. Furthermore, LED lighting requires a dimmable control to enable energy savings and fulfil a growing consumer demand. In this paper, the dimmable single-stage power factor correction (PFC) continuous conduction mode (CCM) flyback converter that employs no electrolytic capacitor is presented. The LC resonant filter is alternatively applied to reduce the 120[Hz] ripple on the output. And the optimum value of the LC resonant filter parameters considering both efficient and performance is analysed. Simulation and experimental results verify the satisfactory operation of the converter.
 LINK ORIGINAL EN LA WEB
http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/kiee/DHJGII/2016/v65n4/DHJGII_2016_v65n4_601.pdf

Applications of PSCAD® / EMTDC Manitoba HVDC Research Centre Inc

LINK ORIGINAL EN LA WEB
http://www.mediafire.com/file/n8cc6sk5gr6ki4y/Application_Guide_2007.pdf

Differential Protection for Arbitrary Three-Phase Power Transformers Zoran Gajić Doctoral Dissertation Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Lund University- SWEDEN

Differential Protection for Arbitrary Three-Phase Power Transformers Zoran Gajić Doctoral Dissertation Department of Industrial Electrical Engineering and Automation Lund University- SWEDEN

 Abstract
This thesis describes how to provide standardized, current based, differential protection for any three-phase power transformer, including phase-shifting transformers with variable phase angle shift and transformers of all construction types and internal on-load tap-changer configurations. The use of standard transformer differential protection for such applications is considered impossible in the protective relaying standards and practices currently applied. The first part of the thesis provides the background for different types of power transformers and the differential protection schemes currently applied. After that a complete mathematical proof for the new, universal transformer differential protection principle, based on theory of symmetrical components, is derived. It is demonstrated that it is possible to make numerical differential protection relays which can properly calculate differential currents for any power transformer, regardless of whether it is of fixed or variable phase angle shift construction and whether current magnitude variations are caused by on-load tapchanger( s). It is shown how to correctly calculate differential currents by simultaneously providing on-line compensation for current magnitude variations, on-line compensation for arbitrary phase angle shift variations and settable zero-sequence current reduction on any power transformer side. By using this method differential protection for arbitrary power transformers will be ideally balanced for all symmetrical and nonsymmetrical through-load conditions and external faults. The method is independent of individual transformer winding connection details (i.e. star, delta or zigzag), but dependent on having the correct information about actual on-load tap-changer(s) position if they are built-in within the protected power transformer. The implementation and practical use of this new universal principle is quite simple, as all necessary transformer data is commonly available on the protected power transformer rating plate. Practical application of the universal method for the differential protection of standard transformers, special transformers and phase shifting transformer is presented. Detailed testing of this new universal differential protection method is given and it is based on actual field recordings captured by numerical relays in existing phase-shifting transformer installations and on simulations from the Real Time Digital Simulator for a practical dual-core, symmetrical phaseshifting transformer. The implementation of the universal transformer differential method for analogue and numerical transformer differential relays is also described.
LINK ORIGINAL EN LA WEB
http://www.iea.lth.se/publications/Theses/LTH-IEA-1055.pdf

Triplen Harmonics Mitigation 3 Phase Four-Wire Electrical Distribution System Using Wye- Zig-Zag Transformers Rosli Omar, Azhar Ahmad and Marizan Sulaiman Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka

This paper studies an application of wye- zigzag transformes for reducing harmonics in the neutral conductors of a three phase 415/240V distribution system. Triplen harmonic currents add up in the neutral conductor of the distribution system feeding the non linear loads such as personal computers and electronic office machines with switch mode power supplies. The zigzag transformer is installed between the distribution panel and the high harmonics producing loads. This research makes use of a star-zigzag grounded transformer.

 LINK ORIGINAL
http://jeteas.scholarlinkresearch.com/articles/TRIPLEN%20HARMONIC%20MITIGATION.pdf

Winding Method of Transformer for Zero-Sequence and Negative-Sequence Harmonic Elimination Kim, Tae-Hoon; Park, Jun-Yeal - 영상분 및 역상분 고조파 제거를 위한 변압기 결선방식

영상분 및 역상분 고조파 제거를 위한 변압기 결선방식 Winding Method of Transformer for Zero-Sequence and Negative-Sequence Harmonic Elimination 김 태 훈*․박 준 열† (Tae-Hoon Kim․Jun-Yeal Park) 

 Abstract
As the various kinds of load who generate higher harmonics increases according as the power electronics technology develops, harmonic treatment standard is proposed by IEEE and IEC. Because establishment of harmonic reduction device is required for existent installment to satisfy harmonic treatment standard, the problem of investment charge and installation space increasing may be occurred. In order to solve these problems, a novel transformer connection method using principles of PCT and ZED is suggested.

ISSN 1975-8359(Print) / ISSN 2287-4364(Online)
The Transactions of the Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers Vol. 63, No. 7, pp. 896～902, 2014
http://dx.doi.org/10.5370/KIEE.2014.63.7.896

LINK ORIGINAL FULL PAPER
http://ocean.kisti.re.kr/downfile/volume/kiee/DHJGII/2014/v63n7/DHJGII_2014_v63n7_896.pdf

Счетчики и регистры сдвига - Counters and shift registers-Anatoly Leonidovich Larin

О лекции Счетчик. Вычитающий счетчик и реверсивный счетчик. Временные задержки в счетчиках с последовательным переносом. Счетчик по произвольному модулю. Счетчик по произвольному модулю. Лекторы Ларин Анатолий Леонидович кандидат технических наук, доцент кафедры радиотехники МФТИ

Counters and shift registers
Anatoly Leonidovich Larin
Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Radio Engineering MIPT
Московский физико-технический институт

Power Conversion Technology for Grid-connected PV Inverter-WOO-JUN CHA -DOCTORAL THESIS-DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING POHANG UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY-SOUTH KOREA

ABSTRACT
This thesis proposes hardware circuits and control algorithm of grid-connected photovoltaic (PV) inverters having high efficiency. PV inverter can be classified into singlephase and three-phase inverter according to power capacity. A micro-inverter system is proposed for the single-phase inverter. This system is composed of step-up dc-dc converter that uses an active-clamp circuit with a series-resonant voltage doubler and a high efficiency inverter with single-switch-modulation. During the step-up dc-dc stage, the active-clamp circuit provides zero-voltage switching turn-on, recycles the energy stored in the leakage inductance of the transformer, and limits switch voltage stress. A series-resonant voltage doubler is used on the transformer secondary side to remove the reverse-recovery problem of the rectifier diodes. During the inverter stage, to improve efficiency and reliability in the proposed inverter, only single switch is modulated at switching frequency without shoot-through problem. This whole process minimizes power losses and eliminates a mismatch of a capacity between the PV panel and PV inverter, so the proposed micro-inverter is suitable for use in a single-phase grid connected PV inverter. A prototype design and experimental results are given to verify the proposed system. A novel space-vector modulation (SVM) for a three-phase PV inverter with simple software implementation is proposed. The conventional SVM algorithm for the three-phase PV inverter requires complex computations, such as square root and arctangent, and a sector selection algorithm. The proposed SVM algorithm can determine directly on-state times of switches without complex computations and complex sector selection algorithm. Experimental results show high performance of the proposed algorithm for the three-phase PV inverter.

SISTEMAS DE POTENCIA . PRIMERAS Y SEGUNDAS PRÁCTICAS - UNI 2007 - 2015-UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE INGENIERIA

LINK ORIGINAL
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B05T8zyCdPpPa1V0azhMcGVQMGM/view
LINK ALTERNATIVO
http://www.mediafire.com/file/kpcdpxfi58l4i3p/ML511-P1.pdf

PROBLEMAS DE CONTROLES ELÉCTRICOS Y AUTOMATIZACIÓN FACULTAD DE ING. MECANICA-UNIVERSIDAD DE INGENIERIA-UNI-PERÚ

LINK EN LA WEB
https://drive.google.com/file/d/0B05T8zyCdPpPUnRMQXJCSk5lb3c/view

Asymmetric Topologies and PWM Modulation Strategy for Low-Cost and High-Quality Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter Choi, Woo-Seok Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Chonnam National University

Asymmetric Topologies and PWM Modulation Strategy for Low-Cost and High-Quality Single-Phase Multilevel Inverter Choi, Woo-Seok Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate School of Chonnam National University (Supervised by Professor : Park, Sung-Jun) 

 (Abstract) Recently, the development of the renewable power industry has been accelerating due to climate change induces to make an effort is the greenhouse gas reduction, and as industrial growth increases the demand for electric power and the electricity generation costs, it has been changing to improve efficiency for power industry structure, and have necessary to develop suitable power converter. Power industry structure has been changing to system minimize demand variation in order to improve grid stability, with low cost. It appears that distributed powers based on renewable power are spreaded over the society at large. In order to fulfill the role of distributed power based on renewable power would be advantageous, using the small size of the distributed power, for grid in stabilized respect. In such cases, many power transmission applications have used the multilevel inverter because the power quality of the renewable distributed power is very important. The multilevel inverter has the advantage of being to generate the output voltage with lower loss and lowr EMC(Electro-Magnetic Compatibility) owing to its low dv/dt stress. The conventional multilevel inverter topologies can include the diode clamped multilevel inverter and flying capacitor multilevel inverter, cascaded multi-cell H-bridge inverter topology. The conventional inverter topologies have a series connection of switch groups, and are usually applied to high power applications with high input/output voltage. However, these topologies have a large increase in the number of switches as the output voltage level increases, and thus are not suitable for the single-phase grid or low voltage applications. The single-phase multilevel topology has the advantage of reducing the number of switches due to lower input/output voltage compared with the conventional multilevel inverter topology. Recently, research into single-phase multilevel inverters has been active as a way to improve power quality. The single-phase multilevel inverter topologies are classified as multilevel inverter based on H-bridge and multilevel inverter based on Half-bridge. This single-phase multilevel inverter based on H-bridge is needed to turn on more than two switches on the one voltage level.
However, the single-phase n-level inverter based on H-bridge is comprised of a smaller number of switches than 2n, and thus a switch is used on more than two output voltage levels.

LINKS
PART1: http://www.mediafire.com/file/ox76ybclip3mphq/SINGLE_PHASE_MULTILEVEL_INVERTER.pdf
PART2 :
http://www.mediafire.com/file/nbqmzi3nas5nkdg/SIMULATION_AND_HARMONIC_ANALYSIS.pdf

IES VIEWER ( PHOTOMETRIC VIEWER )

IESviewer is freeware! The latest release of IESviewer (Version 3.3) is available now!
 IESviewer is the world's most popular photometric viewer. It lets you quickly view, find and convert photometric data files.1 Most of the features present in other viewers are present in IESviewer, including: view photometric curve description of the photometric files luminaire manufacturer luminaire catalog number lamp catalog number lamp description photometric type intensity dimension of luminaire input watts etc Additionally, IESviewer support: unique curve and render realtime thumbnail of photometric files unique navigation by description instead of filename: luminaire manufacturer (MANUFAC) luminaire catalog number (LUMCAT) luminaire description (LUMINAIRE) lamp catalog number (LAMPCAT) lamp description (LAMP) ultra fast preview realtime renderer comparing two photometric curves converting LDT to IES Autodesk 3ds Max integration 3dsmax compatibility indicator and fixing tool available integration with other applications dragging files (copy to explorer, other applications)

1 - The photometric data files (IES, LDT) commonly used by lighting fixture manufacturers to distribute photometric information about their products.
LINK ORIGINAL 
http://www.photometricviewer.com/

OpenCourseWare Electrical Engineering Hanyang University - Seoul, South Korea 전기공학 한양대학교 박관규

1. Transformer의 특성 이해 및 이를 포함한 회로의 해석

A Study on High Quality Single-Phase Seven-Level Grid-Connected Inverter Department of Electrical Engineering Graduate School, Chonnam National University - Le Tuan Vu

(Abstract)
Multilevel inverter technology has emerged recently as a very important alternative in the area of high-power medium-voltage energy control. Multilevel inverters include an array of power semiconductors and capacitor voltage sources, the output of which generate voltages with stepped waveforms. The commutation of the switches permits the addition of the capacitor voltages, which reach high voltage at the output, while the power semiconductors must withstand only reduced voltages. There are three commonly topologies have been proposed for multilevel inverters: diode-clamped (neutralclamped); capacitor-clamped (flying capacitors); and cascaded multicell with separate dc sources. The most attractive features of multilevel inverters are that they can generate output voltages with extremely low distortion, they draw input current with very low distortion and they can operate with a lower switching frequency.
LINK
http://www.mediafire.com/file/4c4wv4gq7t47141/HIGH_QUALITY_SINGLE_PHASE_SEVEN_LEVEL.pdf

A Study of High Resolution Isolated Multi-Level Inverter for Grid-Tie Renewable Generation System by Noh Sik Park Department of Mechatronics Engineering The Graduate School Pukyong National University

A Study of High Resolution Isolated Multi-Level Inverter for Grid-Tie Renewable Generation System 신재생 발전 시스템의 계통 연계를 위한 고정도 절연형 멀티레벨 인버터에 관한 연구 
Advisor: Prof. Soon Jae Kwon 
by Noh Sik Park 
A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Department of Mechatronics Engineering
The Graduate School Pukyong National University February 2009
 ABSTRACT 
 The objective of this paper is to contribute to the commercialization of high resolution 3 phase multi level inverter that uses new control method which is properto thegreatcapacity inverter used for Grid-tiedRenewable GenerationSystem.Forthispurpose,thebasicoperationprincipleandtypes of the conventional multi level inverter is divided to describe the each merit and demerit, the modulation technique applicable to multi level inverter, the domestic and overseas standard and protecting technology of grid-tied technology which is indispensable to grid-tied inverter. The loss for each factor in 3 phase multi level inverter that uses low-frequency transformer was analyzed with structure of 3 phase multi level, theoretic investigationontheregularspacevectormodulationmethodandanewcontrol technique so as to calculate all loss that may occur in the proposed inverter. Further, this research explained the control technique applied to anti-islanding, an essential function of grid-tied inverter and confirmed outputwaveformandTHDforeachrateofmodulationbyusingMatrap/Simulink so as to check the technical feasibility of multi level inverter using 3 phase low-frequency transformer. As 3 phase multi level inverter in 30kW isolate type was designed, produced and experimented, it was confirmed that the performance which was not inferior to that of the existing 2 level inverter method was embodied. Since there is no particular difficulty in productioncomparedtotheexistingproductswhichareproducedbydepending on many know-hows and less part was technically restricted in producing inverter with capacity larger thanthatof inverter produced forresearch, it presents the possibility of localizing power transformer for Grid-tied RenewableGenerationSystemwhichgetslarger
LINK
http://www.mediafire.com/file/vqs3pl4rkq4ezao/A_Study_of_High_Resolution_Isolated_Multi-Level_Inverter_for_Grid-Tied_Renewable_Generation_System.pdf

Analyse des contraintes mecaniques par la methode des elements finis dans une machine electrique - Mechanical Stress Analysis by the Finite Elements Method in Electric Motor CHANG- HOON JUN Thesis(doctoral)-- L'ecole centrale de Lyon-Genie electrique

Analyse des contraintes mecaniques par la methode des elements finis dans une machine electrique - Mechanical Stress Analysis by the Finite Elements Method in Electric Motor CHANG- HOON JUN Thesis(doctoral)-- L'ecole centrale de Lyon: Genie electrique 1998
 LINK
http://www.mediafire.com/file/szn14jrp6xsl916/09590683.pdf

BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE PERFORMANCES OF ALUMINUM AND COPPER CONDUCTOR WIRE UNDER COMPRESSION STRESSES -Richard Donald Suchanek - Western Kentucky University Master of Science

BREAKDOWN VOLTAGE PERFORMANCES OF ALUMINUM AND COPPER CONDUCTOR WIRE UNDER COMPRESSION STRESSES 

A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of Architectural and Manufacturing Sciences Western Kentucky University Bowling Green, Kentucky
 In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree Master of Science By Rich Suchanek
May 2016
 ABSTRACT
 In the global, competitive market of energy transformation, increased operational expenses and depletion of raw materials have resulted in companies pursuing alternate materials to reduce consumer costs. In electrical applications, energy is transformed using materials with high electrical conductive properties. The conductive material used to transmit a signal is called conductor wire and is comprised of any material that has the ability to move charged particles from one point to another without propagation or delay. The conductor wire in many applications is encapsulated in epoxy resin called enamel. The enamel is the insulation system that provides necessary dielectric clearances to prevent voltage leakage. The most common form of energy transformation is the electric motor. Both copper and aluminum conductor wire are commonly used in electric motors, but copper is preferred due to thermal and electrical properties. However, there is a significant economic incentive to convert to aluminum conductor wire. Limited white papers are available comparing the performances of the two materials; the research is limited to physical and electrical performances of the raw material and does not take into considering the insulation. The conductor wire, which includes the insulation, is susceptible to damage during the manufacturing process and is an inherent risk if not fully understood. During the blocking process, the conductor wire is pushed and compressed into lamination slots. This process changes the conductor wire outer diameter to accommodate void spaces within the lamination slots. The percentage of slot vii area occupied by the conductor wire is known as slot fill. The higher the slot fill, the more wire occupying the available space. The higher the slot fill, the more force required to fill the slots. High slot fill motor designs provide a performance advantage with little associated cost. The more wire pressed into the slot, the higher the potential efficiency gains. However, high slot fill motors are more susceptible to damage. The study is designed to evaluate and measure the durability of aluminum and copper conductor wire under simulated compression stresses. Utilizing this information, electric motor manufacturers can push current design limits without affecting conductor wire quality and reliability.
FULL THESIS LINK ORIGINAL:
http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2611&context=theses

直播回放: 神舟十一号与天宫二号交会对接, 航天员进入天宫二号 | Full Replay: Shenzhou 11 Spacecraft Dock With Tiangong 2 Space Lab

LINK
https://youtu.be/jKvZmmUfLSo

Live: Chinese astronauts enter Tiangong-2 space lab from Shenzhou-11 spacecraft

China's manned spacecraft, Shenzhou-11, docks with space lab Tiangong-2. The spacecraft was launched into orbit on Monday, carrying two astronauts who plan to stay in the space lab for 30 days. The crewed mission marks a key step toward China's plan to eventually operate a permanent space station.