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terça-feira, 23 de setembro de 2025
segunda-feira, 22 de setembro de 2025
Power Transfer Stability Analysis of Grid Forming Converters-Seong-Jeon Lee ․ Joosik Kwak ․ Gyu-Sub Lee-Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea and Seoul National University Electric Power Research Institute (SEPRI),
Power Transfer Stability Analysis of Grid Forming Converters SCR에 따른 그리드 포밍 인버터의 전력 전달 안정성 분석 Seong-Jeon Lee ․ Joosik Kwak ․ Gyu-Sub Lee 이성전* ․ 곽주식** ․ 이규섭†
Abstract
With the growth of renewable energy sources (RES) and energy storage systems (ESS), the number of distributed generators (DGs)
integrated into power systems via voltage source converters (VSCs) has been increasing. VSCs are operated either in grid-following
(GFL) or grid-forming (GFM) control modes. While the GFM mode offers the advantage of not requiring a phase-locked loop (PLL)
for grid synchronization, it exhibits a stability issue when the grid impedance decreases. To analyze the stability concerns of GFM
inverters, a PSCAD simulation-based study was conducted considering the short-circuit ratio (SCR) and the grid impedance X/R ratio
(the ratio of inductive to resistive impedance). The results demonstrate that GFM inverters become more unstable as the SCR
increases and the X/R ratio decreases.
Key Words
Grid forming converter, Short circuit ratio, Stability analysis, Voltage sourced converter, X/R Ratio
† Corresponding Author : Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National
University (SNU), Seoul, Republic of Korea and Seoul National University Electric Power
Research Institute (SEPRI), Seoul, Republic of Korea.
E-mail : lgs1106@snu.ac.kr https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6313-4685
* Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Seoul National University (SNU), Seoul,
Republic of Korea.
https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1996-001X
** Korea Electric Power Corporation Research Institute, Republic of Korea.
Received : Oct. 30, 2024 Revised : Apr. 29, 2025 Accepted : Aug. 14, 2025
Copyright ⓒ The Korean Institute of Electrical Engineers
This is an Open-Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution
Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/) which permits unrestricted
non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the
original work is properly cited.
ISSN 1975-8359 [Print] / ISSN 2287-4364 [Online]
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Stability Analysis of Grid-Following and GridForming Converters Based on State-Space Modelling Xian Gao, Student Member, IEEE, Dao Zhou, Senior Member, IEEE, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, Senior Member, IEEE, and Frede Blaabjerg, Fellow, IEEE AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Stability Analysis of Grid-Following and GridForming Converters Based on State-Space Modelling
Xian Gao, Student Member, IEEE, Dao Zhou, Senior Member, IEEE, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam, Senior Member, IEEE,
and Frede Blaabjerg, Fellow, IEEE
AAU Energy, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
Abstract - This paper conducts a comprehensive analysis
and comparison of the control loops of the grid-following
and grid-forming voltage source converters connected to
the power grid. Eigenvalue trajectories are studied in
order to obtain an accurate stability analysis. A timedomain simulation model of a 1.5 kW grid-connected
converter is developed by using Matlab/Simulink to
investigate the stability of the grid-following and gridforming control under different short-circuit ratios. The
stability boundaries of the grid-following control and the
grid-forming control are explored and compared with
theoretical analysis. The result reveals that the gridfollowing control is better suited for a stiff power grid,
while the grid-forming control is more suitable for a weak
power grid. Finally, an experimental prototype is
established to verify the effectiveness of the theoretical
analysis.
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sexta-feira, 12 de setembro de 2025
Metodologia de projeto de filtros de emissão conduzida aplicada a conversores CA/CC monofásicos Maicon W. M. de Carvalho 1,* , Djonny Weinzierl 1 , Sérgio V. G. Oliveira 1,2 1 Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Santa Catarina, Brasil 2 Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Departamento de Engenharia de Telecomunicações, Elétrica e Mecânica, Santa Catarina, Brasil
Metodologia de projeto de filtros de emissão conduzida aplicada a conversores CA/CC monofásicos
Maicon W. M. de Carvalho1,*, Djonny Weinzierl1, Sérgio V. G. Oliveira1,2
1
Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica, Santa Catarina, Brasil
2 Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Departamento de Engenharia de Telecomunicações, Elétrica e Mecânica, Santa Catarina, Brasil
ABSTRACT Electromagnetic interference filter design specifies circuit topology and elements, inductors, and capacitors of an electrical network whose purpose is to reduce interferential signals. This work presents an iterative methodology of EMI filter design for switched power supplies based on the sequential element theorem and the concept of the dominant effect in electromagnetic compatibility. This design methodology was proposed based on experiments with three commercial off-the-shelf power supplies and knowledge about common, differential, and mixed-mode emissions, as well as the non-idealities of the elements and the power supply's input impedance characteristics. In practical tests, the effect of the EMI filter resonance and the power supply's mixed-mode input impedance was observed, which served as a guideline for determining which component should be included or whether its value should be increased in the EMI filter structure. The most restrictive requirements were met with a few iterations and fewer components than the original filters, demonstrating that the concepts used as a reference are valid and valuable.
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