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Overview on Battery Charging Systems for Electric Vehicles Pierpaolo Dini * , Sergio Saponara and Antonio Colicelli Department of Information Engineering, University of Pisa, Via Girolamo Caruso n.16, 56100 Pisa, Italy
Abstract: Catalyzed by the increasing interest in bi-directional electric vehicles, this paper delves
into their significance and the challenges they encounter. Bi-directional electric vehicles not only
serve as transportation but also function as essential electricity resources. Central to this energy
revolution are On-Board Chargers (OBCs), which are pivotal in converting alternating (AC) energy
into direct (DC) energy and vice versa. In this context, we explore the various circuit architectures of
OBCs employed in bi-directional electric vehicles. We delve into the intricacies of rectifiers, switching
converters, and the application of advanced control and filtering technologies. Our analysis extends
to the implications of these circuit architectures on aspects such as voltage regulation capability,
energy efficiency, and thermal management. Furthermore, we address the broader significance of
these developments in the integration of bidirectional systems, which are driving advances in circuit
architectures to better harness the energy flexibility of electric vehicles. We emphasize the critical role
of bi-directional electric vehicles in the transition toward a smart and sustainable energy grid. To
enhance accessibility for a diverse readership, we will provide concise definitions or explanations for
technical terms used throughout the paper, ensuring that our work is approachable even for those
who may not be experts in the field.
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